This feature allows disks to be added one at a time to a RAID-Z group,
expanding its capacity incrementally. This feature is especially useful
for small pools (typically with only one RAID-Z group), where there
isn't sufficient hardware to add capacity by adding a whole new RAID-Z
group (typically doubling the number of disks).
== Initiating expansion ==
A new device (disk) can be attached to an existing RAIDZ vdev, by
running `zpool attach POOL raidzP-N NEW_DEVICE`, e.g. `zpool attach tank
raidz2-0 sda`. The new device will become part of the RAIDZ group. A
"raidz expansion" will be initiated, and the new device will contribute
additional space to the RAIDZ group once the expansion completes.
The `feature@raidz_expansion` on-disk feature flag must be `enabled` to
initiate an expansion, and it remains `active` for the life of the pool.
In other words, pools with expanded RAIDZ vdevs can not be imported by
older releases of the ZFS software.
== During expansion ==
The expansion entails reading all allocated space from existing disks in
the RAIDZ group, and rewriting it to the new disks in the RAIDZ group
(including the newly added device).
The expansion progress can be monitored with `zpool status`.
Data redundancy is maintained during (and after) the expansion. If a
disk fails while the expansion is in progress, the expansion pauses
until the health of the RAIDZ vdev is restored (e.g. by replacing the
failed disk and waiting for reconstruction to complete).
The pool remains accessible during expansion. Following a reboot or
export/import, the expansion resumes where it left off.
== After expansion ==
When the expansion completes, the additional space is available for use,
and is reflected in the `available` zfs property (as seen in `zfs list`,
`df`, etc).
Expansion does not change the number of failures that can be tolerated
without data loss (e.g. a RAIDZ2 is still a RAIDZ2 even after
expansion).
A RAIDZ vdev can be expanded multiple times.
After the expansion completes, old blocks remain with their old
data-to-parity ratio (e.g. 5-wide RAIDZ2, has 3 data to 2 parity), but
distributed among the larger set of disks. New blocks will be written
with the new data-to-parity ratio (e.g. a 5-wide RAIDZ2 which has been
expanded once to 6-wide, has 4 data to 2 parity). However, the RAIDZ
vdev's "assumed parity ratio" does not change, so slightly less space
than is expected may be reported for newly-written blocks, according to
`zfs list`, `df`, `ls -s`, and similar tools.
Sponsored-by: The FreeBSD Foundation
Sponsored-by: iXsystems, Inc.
Sponsored-by: vStack
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Authored-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Contributions-by: Fedor Uporov <fuporov.vstack@gmail.com>
Contributions-by: Stuart Maybee <stuart.maybee@comcast.net>
Contributions-by: Thorsten Behrens <tbehrens@outlook.com>
Contributions-by: Fmstrat <nospam@nowsci.com>
Contributions-by: Don Brady <dev.fs.zfs@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Brady <dev.fs.zfs@gmail.com>
Closes#15022
As part of transaction group commit, dsl_pool_sync() sequentially calls
dsl_dataset_sync() for each dirty dataset, which subsequently calls
dmu_objset_sync(). dmu_objset_sync() in turn uses up to 75% of CPU
cores to run sync_dnodes_task() in taskq threads to sync the dirty
dnodes (files).
There are two problems:
1. Each ZVOL in a pool is a separate dataset/objset having a single
dnode. This means the objsets are synchronized serially, which
leads to a bottleneck of ~330K blocks written per second per pool.
2. In the case of multiple dirty dnodes/files on a dataset/objset on a
big system they will be sync'd in parallel taskq threads. However,
it is inefficient to to use 75% of CPU cores of a big system to do
that, because of (a) bottlenecks on a single write issue taskq, and
(b) allocation throttling. In addition, if not for the allocation
throttling sorting write requests by bookmarks (logical address),
writes for different files may reach space allocators interleaved,
leading to unwanted fragmentation.
The solution to both problems is to always sync no more and (if
possible) no fewer dnodes at the same time than there are allocators
the pool.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Edmund Nadolski <edmund.nadolski@ixsystems.com>
Closes#15197
Before this change ZFS created threads for 50% of CPUs for each top-
level vdev. Plus it created the same number of threads for embedded
log groups (that have only one metaslab and don't need any preload).
As result, on system with 80 CPUs and pool of 60 vdevs this resulted
in 4800 metaslab preload threads, that is absolutely insane.
This patch changes the preload threads to 50% of CPUs in one taskq
per pool, so on the mentioned system it will be only 40 threads.
Among other things this fixes zdb on the mentioned system and pool
on FreeBSD, that failed to create so many threads in one process.
Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Sponsored by: iXsystems, Inc.
Closes#15319
ZFS historically has had several space allocators that were
dynamically selectable. While these have been retained in
OpenZFS, only a single allocator has been statically compiled
in. This patch compiles all allocators for OpenZFS and provides
a module parameter to allow for manual selection between them.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Ameer Hamza <ahamza@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Edmund Nadolski <edmund.nadolski@ixsystems.com>
Closes#15218
Since spa_min_alloc may not be a power of 2, unlike ashifts, in the
case of DRAID, we should not select the minimal value among several
vdevs. Rounding to a multiple of it is unlikely to work for other
vdevs. Instead, using the greatest common divisor produces smaller
yet more reasonable results.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Signed-off-by: Ameer Hamza <ahamza@ixsystems.com>
Closes#15067
Added a flag '-e' in zpool scrub to scrub only blocks in error log. A
user can pause, resume and cancel the error scrub by passing additional
command line arguments -p -s just like a regular scrub. This involves
adding a new flag, creating new libzfs interfaces, a new ioctl, and the
actual iteration and read-issuing logic. Error scrubbing is executed in
multiple txg to make sure pool performance is not affected.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Co-authored-by: TulsiJain tulsi.jain@delphix.com
Signed-off-by: George Amanakis <gamanakis@gmail.com>
Closes#8995Closes#12355
Address the following bugs in persistent error log:
1) Check nested clones, eg "fs->snap->clone->snap2->clone2".
2) When deleting files containing error blocks in those clones (from
"clone" the example above), do not break the check chain.
3) When deleting files in the originating fs before syncing the errlog
to disk, do not break the check chain. This happens because at the
time of introducing the error block in the error list, we do not have
its birth txg and the head filesystem. If the original file is
deleted before the error list is synced to the error log (which is
when we actually lookup the birth txg and the head filesystem), then
we do not have access to this info anymore and break the check chain.
The most prominent change is related to achieving (3). We expand the
spa_error_entry_t structure to accommodate the newly introduced
zbookmark_err_phys_t structure (containing the birth txg of the error
block).Due to compatibility reasons we cannot remove the
zbookmark_phys_t structure and we also need to place the new structure
after se_avl, so it is not accounted for in avl_find(). Then we modify
spa_log_error() to also provide the birth txg of the error block. With
these changes in place we simplify the previously introduced function
get_head_and_birth_txg() (now named get_head_ds()).
We chose not to follow the same approach for the head filesystem (thus
completely removing get_head_ds()) to avoid introducing new lock
contentions.
The stack sizes of nested functions (as measured by checkstack.pl in the
linux kernel) are:
check_filesystem [zfs]: 272 (was 912)
check_clones [zfs]: 64
We also introduced two new tests covering the above changes.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: George Amanakis <gamanakis@gmail.com>
Closes#14633
Block Cloning allows to manually clone a file (or a subset of its
blocks) into another (or the same) file by just creating additional
references to the data blocks without copying the data itself.
Those references are kept in the Block Reference Tables (BRTs).
The whole design of block cloning is documented in module/zfs/brt.c.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Christian Schwarz <christian.schwarz@nutanix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Rich Ercolani <rincebrain@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Pawel Jakub Dawidek <pawel@dawidek.net>
Closes#13392
In #13871, zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit_non_rotating and
zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit being signed was pointed out as a possible
reason not to eliminate an unnecessary MAX(unsigned, 0) since the
unsigned value was assigned from them.
There is no reason for these module parameters to be signed and upon
inspection, it was found that there are a number of other module
parameters that are signed, but should not be, so we make them unsigned.
Making them unsigned made it clear that some other variables in the code
should also be unsigned, so we also make those unsigned. This prevents
users from setting negative values that could potentially cause bad
behaviors. It also makes the code slightly easier to understand.
Mostly module parameters that deal with timeouts, limits, bitshifts and
percentages are made unsigned by this. Any that are boolean are left
signed, since whether booleans should be considered signed or unsigned
does not matter.
Making zfs_arc_lotsfree_percent unsigned caused a
`zfs_arc_lotsfree_percent >= 0` check to become redundant, so it was
removed. Removing the check was also necessary to prevent a compiler
error from -Werror=type-limits.
Several end of line comments had to be moved to their own lines because
replacing int with uint_t caused us to exceed the 80 character limit
enforced by cstyle.pl.
The following were kept signed because they are passed to
taskq_create(), which expects signed values and modifying the
OpenSolaris/Illumos DDI is out of scope of this patch:
* metaslab_load_pct
* zfs_sync_taskq_batch_pct
* zfs_zil_clean_taskq_nthr_pct
* zfs_zil_clean_taskq_minalloc
* zfs_zil_clean_taskq_maxalloc
* zfs_arc_prune_task_threads
Also, negative values in those parameters was found to be harmless.
The following were left signed because either negative values make
sense, or more analysis was needed to determine whether negative values
should be disallowed:
* zfs_metaslab_switch_threshold
* zfs_pd_bytes_max
* zfs_livelist_min_percent_shared
zfs_multihost_history was made static to be consistent with other
parameters.
A number of module parameters were marked as signed, but in reality
referenced unsigned variables. upgrade_errlog_limit is one of the
numerous examples. In the case of zfs_vdev_async_read_max_active, it was
already uint32_t, but zdb had an extern int declaration for it.
Interestingly, the documentation in zfs.4 was right for
upgrade_errlog_limit despite the module parameter being wrongly marked,
while the documentation for zfs_vdev_async_read_max_active (and friends)
was wrong. It was also wrong for zstd_abort_size, which was unsigned,
but was documented as signed.
Also, the documentation in zfs.4 incorrectly described the following
parameters as ulong when they were int:
* zfs_arc_meta_adjust_restarts
* zfs_override_estimate_recordsize
They are now uint_t as of this patch and thus the man page has been
updated to describe them as uint.
dbuf_state_index was left alone since it does nothing and perhaps should
be removed in another patch.
If any module parameters were missed, they were not found by `grep -r
'ZFS_MODULE_PARAM' | grep ', INT'`. I did find a few that grep missed,
but only because they were in files that had hits.
This patch intentionally did not attempt to address whether some of
these module parameters should be elevated to 64-bit parameters, because
the length of a long on 32-bit is 32-bit.
Lastly, it was pointed out during review that uint_t is a better match
for these variables than uint32_t because FreeBSD kernel parameter
definitions are designed for uint_t, whose bit width can change in
future memory models. As a result, we change the existing parameters
that are uint32_t to use uint_t.
Reviewed-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Neal Gompa <ngompa@datto.com>
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <richard.yao@alumni.stonybrook.edu>
Closes#13875
This type of recv is used to heal corrupted data when a replica
of the data already exists (in the form of a send file for example).
With the provided send stream, corrective receive will read from
disk blocks described by the WRITE records. When any of the reads
come back with ECKSUM we use the data from the corresponding WRITE
record to rewrite the corrupted block.
Reviewed-by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Paul Zuchowski <pzuchowski@datto.com>
Signed-off-by: Alek Pinchuk <apinchuk@axcient.com>
Closes#9372
Evaluated every variable that lives in .data (and globals in .rodata)
in the kernel modules, and constified/eliminated/localised them
appropriately. This means that all read-only data is now actually
read-only data, and, if possible, at file scope. A lot of previously-
global-symbols became inlinable (and inlined!) constants. Probably
not in a big Wowee Performance Moment, but hey.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ahelenia Ziemiańska <nabijaczleweli@nabijaczleweli.xyz>
Closes#12899
Add properties, similar to pool properties, to each vdev.
This makes use of the existing per-vdev ZAP that was added as
part of device evacuation/removal.
A large number of read-only properties are exposed,
many of the members of struct vdev_t, that provide useful
statistics.
Adds support for read-only "removing" vdev property.
Adds the "allocating" property that defaults to "on" and
can be set to "off" to prevent future allocations from that
top-level vdev.
Supports user-defined vdev properties.
Includes support for properties.vdev in SYSFS.
Co-authored-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Allan Jude <allan@klarasystems.com>
Closes#11711
The only zdb utility require to read metaslab-related data during
read-only pool import because of spacemaps validation. Add global
variable which will allow zdb read spacemaps in case of readonly
import mode.
Reviewed-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Fedor Uporov <fuporov.vstack@gmail.com>
Closes#9095Closes#12687
Remove mc_lock use from metaslab_class_throttle_*(). The math there
is based on refcounts and so atomic, so the only race possible there
is between zfs_refcount_count() and zfs_refcount_add(). But in most
cases metaslab_class_throttle_reserve() is called with the allocator
lock held, which covers the race. In cases where the lock is not
held, GANG_ALLOCATION() or METASLAB_MUST_RESERVE are set, and so we
do not use zfs_refcount_count(). And even if we assume some other
non-existing scenario, the worst that may happen from this race is
few more I/Os get to allocation earlier, that is not a problem.
Move locks and data of different allocators into different cache
lines to avoid false sharing. Group spa_alloc_* arrays together
into single array of aligned struct spa_alloc spa_allocs. Align
struct metaslab_class_allocator.
Reviewed-by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Don Brady <don.brady@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Sponsored-By: iXsystems, Inc.
Closes#12314
The only reason for spa_config_*() to use refcount instead of simple
non-atomic (thanks to scl_lock) variable for scl_count is tracking,
hard disabled for the last 8 years. Switch to simple int scl_count
reduces the lock hold time by avoiding atomic, plus makes structure
fit into single cache line, reducing the locks contention.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Sponsored-By: iXsystems, Inc.
Closes#12287
Property to allow sets of features to be specified; for compatibility
with specific versions / releases / external systems. Influences
the behavior of 'zpool upgrade' and 'zpool create'. Initial man
page changes and test cases included.
Brief synopsis:
zpool create -o compatibility=off|legacy|file[,file...] pool vdev...
compatibility = off : disable compatibility mode (enable all features)
compatibility = legacy : request that no features be enabled
compatibility = file[,file...] : read features from specified files.
Only features present in *all* files will be enabled on the
resulting pool. Filenames may be absolute, or relative to
/etc/zfs/compatibility.d or /usr/share/zfs/compatibility.d (/etc
checked first).
Only affects zpool create, zpool upgrade and zpool status.
ABI changes in libzfs:
* New function "zpool_load_compat" to load and parse compat sets.
* Add "zpool_compat_status_t" typedef for compatibility parse status.
* Add ZPOOL_PROP_COMPATIBILITY to the pool properties enum
* Add ZPOOL_STATUS_COMPATIBILITY_ERR to the pool status enum
An initial set of base compatibility sets are included in
cmd/zpool/compatibility.d, and the Makefile for cmd/zpool is
modified to install these in $pkgdatadir/compatibility.d and to
create symbolic links to a reasonable set of aliases.
Reviewed-by: ericloewe
Reviewed-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Laager <rlaager@wiktel.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Colm Buckley <colm@tuatha.org>
Closes#11468
Mixing ZIL and normal allocations has several problems:
1. The ZIL allocations are allocated, written to disk, and then a few
seconds later freed. This leaves behind holes (free segments) where the
ZIL blocks used to be, which increases fragmentation, which negatively
impacts performance.
2. When under moderate load, ZIL allocations are of 128KB. If the pool
is fairly fragmented, there may not be many free chunks of that size.
This causes ZFS to load more metaslabs to locate free segments of 128KB
or more. The loading happens synchronously (from zil_commit()), and can
take around a second even if the metaslab's spacemap is cached in the
ARC. All concurrent synchronous operations on this filesystem must wait
while the metaslab is loading. This can cause a significant performance
impact.
3. If the pool is very fragmented, there may be zero free chunks of
128KB or more. In this case, the ZIL falls back to txg_wait_synced(),
which has an enormous performance impact.
These problems can be eliminated by using a dedicated log device
("slog"), even one with the same performance characteristics as the
normal devices.
This change sets aside one metaslab from each top-level vdev that is
preferentially used for ZIL allocations (vdev_log_mg,
spa_embedded_log_class). From an allocation perspective, this is
similar to having a dedicated log device, and it eliminates the
above-mentioned performance problems.
Log (ZIL) blocks can be allocated from the following locations. Each
one is tried in order until the allocation succeeds:
1. dedicated log vdevs, aka "slog" (spa_log_class)
2. embedded slog metaslabs (spa_embedded_log_class)
3. other metaslabs in normal vdevs (spa_normal_class)
The space required for the embedded slog metaslabs is usually between
0.5% and 1.0% of the pool, and comes out of the existing 3.2% of "slop"
space that is not available for user data.
On an all-ssd system with 4TB storage, 87% fragmentation, 60% capacity,
and recordsize=8k, testing shows a ~50% performance increase on random
8k sync writes. On even more fragmented systems (which hit problem #3
above and call txg_wait_synced()), the performance improvement can be
arbitrarily large (>100x).
Reviewed-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: George Wilson <gwilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Don Brady <don.brady@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mark.maybee@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Closes#11389
Building the spa module for i386 caused gcc to emit
-Wint-to-pointer-cast "cast to pointer from integer of different size"
because spa.spa_did was uint64_t but pthread_join (via thread_join in
spa_deactivate) takes a pointer (32-bit on i386). Define spa_did to be
pointer-size instead. For now spa_did is in fact never non-zero and the
thread_join could instead be ifdef'd out, but changing the size of
spa_did may be more useful for the future.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ryan Libby <rlibby@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#11336
This patch adds a new top-level vdev type called dRAID, which stands
for Distributed parity RAID. This pool configuration allows all dRAID
vdevs to participate when rebuilding to a distributed hot spare device.
This can substantially reduce the total time required to restore full
parity to pool with a failed device.
A dRAID pool can be created using the new top-level `draid` type.
Like `raidz`, the desired redundancy is specified after the type:
`draid[1,2,3]`. No additional information is required to create the
pool and reasonable default values will be chosen based on the number
of child vdevs in the dRAID vdev.
zpool create <pool> draid[1,2,3] <vdevs...>
Unlike raidz, additional optional dRAID configuration values can be
provided as part of the draid type as colon separated values. This
allows administrators to fully specify a layout for either performance
or capacity reasons. The supported options include:
zpool create <pool> \
draid[<parity>][:<data>d][:<children>c][:<spares>s] \
<vdevs...>
- draid[parity] - Parity level (default 1)
- draid[:<data>d] - Data devices per group (default 8)
- draid[:<children>c] - Expected number of child vdevs
- draid[:<spares>s] - Distributed hot spares (default 0)
Abbreviated example `zpool status` output for a 68 disk dRAID pool
with two distributed spares using special allocation classes.
```
pool: tank
state: ONLINE
config:
NAME STATE READ WRITE CKSUM
slag7 ONLINE 0 0 0
draid2:8d:68c:2s-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
L0 ONLINE 0 0 0
L1 ONLINE 0 0 0
...
U25 ONLINE 0 0 0
U26 ONLINE 0 0 0
spare-53 ONLINE 0 0 0
U27 ONLINE 0 0 0
draid2-0-0 ONLINE 0 0 0
U28 ONLINE 0 0 0
U29 ONLINE 0 0 0
...
U42 ONLINE 0 0 0
U43 ONLINE 0 0 0
special
mirror-1 ONLINE 0 0 0
L5 ONLINE 0 0 0
U5 ONLINE 0 0 0
mirror-2 ONLINE 0 0 0
L6 ONLINE 0 0 0
U6 ONLINE 0 0 0
spares
draid2-0-0 INUSE currently in use
draid2-0-1 AVAIL
```
When adding test coverage for the new dRAID vdev type the following
options were added to the ztest command. These options are leverages
by zloop.sh to test a wide range of dRAID configurations.
-K draid|raidz|random - kind of RAID to test
-D <value> - dRAID data drives per group
-S <value> - dRAID distributed hot spares
-R <value> - RAID parity (raidz or dRAID)
The zpool_create, zpool_import, redundancy, replacement and fault
test groups have all been updated provide test coverage for the
dRAID feature.
Co-authored-by: Isaac Huang <he.huang@intel.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Maybee <mmaybee@cray.com>
Co-authored-by: Don Brady <don.brady@delphix.com>
Co-authored-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Co-authored-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Mark Maybee <mmaybee@cray.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#10102
Renamed to avoid conflicting with refcount.h when a different
implementation is already provided by the platform.
Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#10620
The device_rebuild feature enables sequential reconstruction when
resilvering. Mirror vdevs can be rebuilt in LBA order which may
more quickly restore redundancy depending on the pools average block
size, overall fragmentation and the performance characteristics
of the devices. However, block checksums cannot be verified
as part of the rebuild thus a scrub is automatically started after
the sequential resilver completes.
The new '-s' option has been added to the `zpool attach` and
`zpool replace` command to request sequential reconstruction
instead of healing reconstruction when resilvering.
zpool attach -s <pool> <existing vdev> <new vdev>
zpool replace -s <pool> <old vdev> <new vdev>
The `zpool status` output has been updated to report the progress
of sequential resilvering in the same way as healing resilvering.
The one notable difference is that multiple sequential resilvers
may be in progress as long as they're operating on different
top-level vdevs.
The `zpool wait -t resilver` command was extended to wait on
sequential resilvers. From this perspective they are no different
than healing resilvers.
Sequential resilvers cannot be supported for RAIDZ, but are
compatible with the dRAID feature being developed.
As part of this change the resilver_restart_* tests were moved
in to the functional/replacement directory. Additionally, the
replacement tests were renamed and extended to verify both
resilvering and rebuilding.
Original-patch-by: Isaac Huang <he.huang@intel.com>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: John Poduska <jpoduska@datto.com>
Co-authored-by: Mark Maybee <mmaybee@cray.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#10349
By default it's not possible to open a device already owned by an
active vdev. It's necessary to make an exception to this for vdev
split. The FreeBSD platform code will make an exception if
spa_is splitting is set to to true.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#10178
This function should only return "linux" on Linux.
Move the kernel part of the function out of common code.
Fix the tests for FreeBSD.
Reviewed-by: George Melikov <mail@gmelikov.ru>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Closes#10079
We need to do the same thing to update all spas on any OS for these
tunables, so let's share the code.
While here let's match the types of the literals initializing the
variables with the type of the variable.
Reviewed-by: Allan Jude <allanjude@freebsd.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Olaf Faaland <faaland1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@iXsystems.com>
Closes#9964
Update zfs_deadman_failmode to use the ZFS_MODULE_PARAM_CALL
wrapper, and split the common and platform specific portions.
Reviewed-by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#9670
Provide a common zfs_file_* interface which can be implemented on all
platforms to perform normal file access from either the kernel module
or the libzpool library.
This allows all non-portable vnode_t usage in the common code to be
replaced by the new portable zfs_file_t. The associated vnode and
kobj compatibility functions, types, and macros have been removed
from the SPL. Moving forward, vnodes should only be used in platform
specific code when provided by the native operating system.
Reviewed-by: Sean Eric Fagan <sef@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Igor Kozhukhov <igor@dilos.org>
Reviewed-by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#9556
Move these Linux module parameter get/set helpers in to
platform specific code.
Reviewed-by: Igor Kozhukhov <igor@dilos.org>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Ryan Moeller <ryan@ixsystems.com>
Signed-off-by: Matt Macy <mmacy@FreeBSD.org>
Closes#9457
Currently the best way to wait for the completion of a long-running
operation in a pool, like a scrub or device removal, is to poll 'zpool
status' and parse its output, which is neither efficient nor convenient.
This change adds a 'wait' subcommand to the zpool command. When invoked,
'zpool wait' will block until a specified type of background activity
completes. Currently, this subcommand can wait for any of the following:
- Scrubs or resilvers to complete
- Devices to initialized
- Devices to be replaced
- Devices to be removed
- Checkpoints to be discarded
- Background freeing to complete
For example, a scrub that is in progress could be waited for by running
zpool wait -t scrub <pool>
This also adds a -w flag to the attach, checkpoint, initialize, replace,
remove, and scrub subcommands. When used, this flag makes the operations
kicked off by these subcommands synchronous instead of asynchronous.
This functionality is implemented using a new ioctl. The type of
activity to wait for is provided as input to the ioctl, and the ioctl
blocks until all activity of that type has completed. An ioctl was used
over other methods of kernel-userspace communiction primarily for the
sake of portability.
Porting Notes:
This is ported from Delphix OS change DLPX-44432. The following changes
were made while porting:
- Added ZoL-style ioctl input declaration.
- Reorganized error handling in zpool_initialize in libzfs to integrate
better with changes made for TRIM support.
- Fixed check for whether a checkpoint discard is in progress.
Previously it also waited if the pool had a checkpoint, instead of
just if a checkpoint was being discarded.
- Exposed zfs_initialize_chunk_size as a ZoL-style tunable.
- Updated more existing tests to make use of new 'zpool wait'
functionality, tests that don't exist in Delphix OS.
- Used existing ZoL tunable zfs_scan_suspend_progress, together with
zinject, in place of a new tunable zfs_scan_max_blks_per_txg.
- Added support for a non-integral interval argument to zpool wait.
Future work:
ZoL has support for trimming devices, which Delphix OS does not. In the
future, 'zpool wait' could be extended to add the ability to wait for
trim operations to complete.
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: John Kennedy <john.kennedy@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: John Gallagher <john.gallagher@delphix.com>
Closes#9162
Accidentally introduced by dc04a8c which now takes the SCL_VDEV lock
as a reader in zfs_blkptr_verify(). A deadlock can occur if the
/etc/hostid file resides on a dataset in the same pool. This is
because reading the /etc/hostid file may occur while the caller is
holding the SCL_VDEV lock as a writer. For example, to perform a
`zpool attach` as shown in the abbreviated stack below.
To resolve the issue we cache the system's hostid when initializing
the spa_t, or when modifying the multihost property. The cached
value is then relied upon for subsequent accesses.
Call Trace:
spa_config_enter+0x1e8/0x350 [zfs]
zfs_blkptr_verify+0x33c/0x4f0 [zfs] <--- trying read lock
zio_read+0x6c/0x140 [zfs]
...
vfs_read+0xfc/0x1e0
kernel_read+0x50/0x90
...
spa_get_hostid+0x1c/0x38 [zfs]
spa_config_generate+0x1a0/0x610 [zfs]
vdev_label_init+0xa0/0xc80 [zfs]
vdev_create+0x98/0xe0 [zfs]
spa_vdev_attach+0x14c/0xb40 [zfs] <--- grabbed write lock
Reviewed-by: loli10K <ezomori.nozomu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#9256Closes#9285
When a pool is imported it will scan the pool to verify the integrity
of the data and metadata. The amount it scans will depend on the
import flags provided. On systems with small amounts of memory or
when importing a pool from the crash kernel, it's possible for
spa_load_verify to issue too many I/Os that it consumes all the memory
of the system resulting in an OOM message or a hang.
To prevent this, we limit the amount of memory that the initial pool
scan can consume. This change will, by default, use 1/16th of the ARC
for scan I/Os to prevent running the system out of memory during import.
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: George Wilson george.wilson@delphix.com
External-issue: DLPX-65237
External-issue: DLPX-65238
Closes#9146
Deleting a clone requires finding blocks are clone-only, not shared
with the snapshot. This was done by traversing the entire block tree
which results in a large performance penalty for sparsely
written clones.
This is new method keeps track of clone blocks when they are
modified in a "Livelist" so that, when it’s time to delete,
the clone-specific blocks are already at hand.
We see performance improvements because now deletion work is
proportional to the number of clone-modified blocks, not the size
of the original dataset.
Reviewed-by: Sean Eric Fagan <sef@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Sara Hartse <sara.hartse@delphix.com>
Closes#8416
In the past we've seen multiple race conditions that have
to do with open-context threads async threads and concurrent
calls to spa_export()/spa_destroy() (including the one
referenced in issue #9015).
This patch ensures that only one thread can execute the
main body of spa_export_common() at a time, with subsequent
threads returning with a new error code created just for
this situation, eliminating this way any race condition
bugs introduced by concurrent calls to this function.
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Closes#9015Closes#9044
= Motivation
At Delphix we've seen a lot of customer systems where fragmentation
is over 75% and random writes take a performance hit because a lot
of time is spend on I/Os that update on-disk space accounting metadata.
Specifically, we seen cases where 20% to 40% of sync time is spend
after sync pass 1 and ~30% of the I/Os on the system is spent updating
spacemaps.
The problem is that these pools have existed long enough that we've
touched almost every metaslab at least once, and random writes
scatter frees across all metaslabs every TXG, thus appending to
their spacemaps and resulting in many I/Os. To give an example,
assuming that every VDEV has 200 metaslabs and our writes fit within
a single spacemap block (generally 4K) we have 200 I/Os. Then if we
assume 2 levels of indirection, we need 400 additional I/Os and
since we are talking about metadata for which we keep 2 extra copies
for redundancy we need to triple that number, leading to a total of
1800 I/Os per VDEV every TXG.
We could try and decrease the number of metaslabs so we have less
I/Os per TXG but then each metaslab would cover a wider range on
disk and thus would take more time to be loaded in memory from disk.
In addition, after it's loaded, it's range tree would consume more
memory.
Another idea would be to just increase the spacemap block size
which would allow us to fit more entries within an I/O block
resulting in fewer I/Os per metaslab and a speedup in loading time.
The problem is still that we don't deal with the number of I/Os
going up as the number of metaslabs is increasing and the fact
is that we generally write a lot to a few metaslabs and a little
to the rest of them. Thus, just increasing the block size would
actually waste bandwidth because we won't be utilizing our bigger
block size.
= About this patch
This patch introduces the Log Spacemap project which provides the
solution to the above problem while taking into account all the
aforementioned tradeoffs. The details on how it achieves that can
be found in the references sections below and in the code (see
Big Theory Statement in spa_log_spacemap.c).
Even though the change is fairly constraint within the metaslab
and lower-level SPA codepaths, there is a side-change that is
user-facing. The change is that VDEV IDs from VDEV holes will no
longer be reused. To give some background and reasoning for this,
when a log device is removed and its VDEV structure was replaced
with a hole (or was compacted; if at the end of the vdev array),
its vdev_id could be reused by devices added after that. Now
with the pool-wide space maps recording the vdev ID, this behavior
can cause problems (e.g. is this entry referring to a segment in
the new vdev or the removed log?). Thus, to simplify things the
ID reuse behavior is gone and now vdev IDs for top-level vdevs
are truly unique within a pool.
= Testing
The illumos implementation of this feature has been used internally
for a year and has been in production for ~6 months. For this patch
specifically there don't seem to be any regressions introduced to
ZTS and I have been running zloop for a week without any related
problems.
= Performance Analysis (Linux Specific)
All performance results and analysis for illumos can be found in
the links of the references. Redoing the same experiments in Linux
gave similar results. Below are the specifics of the Linux run.
After the pool reached stable state the percentage of the time
spent in pass 1 per TXG was 64% on average for the stock bits
while the log spacemap bits stayed at 95% during the experiment
(graph: sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/PercOfSyncInPassOne.png).
Sync times per TXG were 37.6 seconds on average for the stock
bits and 22.7 seconds for the log spacemap bits (related graph:
sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/SyncTimePerTXG.png). As a result
the log spacemap bits were able to push more TXGs, which is also
the reason why all graphs quantified per TXG have more entries for
the log spacemap bits.
Another interesting aspect in terms of txg syncs is that the stock
bits had 22% of their TXGs reach sync pass 7, 55% reach sync pass 8,
and 20% reach 9. The log space map bits reached sync pass 4 in 79%
of their TXGs, sync pass 7 in 19%, and sync pass 8 at 1%. This
emphasizes the fact that not only we spend less time on metadata
but we also iterate less times to convergence in spa_sync() dirtying
objects.
[related graphs:
stock- sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/NumberOfPassesPerTXGStock.png
lsm- sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/NumberOfPassesPerTXGLSM.png]
Finally, the improvement in IOPs that the userland gains from the
change is approximately 40%. There is a consistent win in IOPS as
you can see from the graphs below but the absolute amount of
improvement that the log spacemap gives varies within each minute
interval.
sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/StockVsLog3Days.png
sdimitro.github.io/img/linux-lsm/StockVsLog10Hours.png
= Porting to Other Platforms
For people that want to port this commit to other platforms below
is a list of ZoL commits that this patch depends on:
Make zdb results for checkpoint tests consistent
db587941c5
Update vdev_is_spacemap_addressable() for new spacemap encoding
419ba59145
Simplify spa_sync by breaking it up to smaller functions
8dc2197b7b
Factor metaslab_load_wait() in metaslab_load()
b194fab0fb
Rename range_tree_verify to range_tree_verify_not_present
df72b8bebe
Change target size of metaslabs from 256GB to 16GB
c853f382db
zdb -L should skip leak detection altogether
21e7cf5da8
vs_alloc can underflow in L2ARC vdevs
7558997d2f
Simplify log vdev removal code
6c926f426a
Get rid of space_map_update() for ms_synced_length
425d3237ee
Introduce auxiliary metaslab histograms
928e8ad47d
Error path in metaslab_load_impl() forgets to drop ms_sync_lock
8eef997679
= References
Background, Motivation, and Internals of the Feature
- OpenZFS 2017 Presentation:
youtu.be/jj2IxRkl5bQ
- Slides:
slideshare.net/SerapheimNikolaosDim/zfs-log-spacemaps-project
Flushing Algorithm Internals & Performance Results
(Illumos Specific)
- Blogpost:
sdimitro.github.io/post/zfs-lsm-flushing/
- OpenZFS 2018 Presentation:
youtu.be/x6D2dHRjkxw
- Slides:
slideshare.net/SerapheimNikolaosDim/zfs-log-spacemap-flushing-algorithm
Upstream Delphix Issues:
DLPX-51539, DLPX-59659, DLPX-57783, DLPX-61438, DLPX-41227, DLPX-59320
DLPX-63385
Reviewed-by: Sean Eric Fagan <sef@ixsystems.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: George Wilson <gwilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Closes#8442
If dedup is in use, the `dedupditto` property can be set, causing ZFS to
keep an extra copy of data that is referenced many times (>100x). The
idea was that this data is more important than other data and thus we
want to be really sure that it is not lost if the disk experiences a
small amount of random corruption.
ZFS (and system administrators) rely on the pool-level redundancy to
protect their data (e.g. mirroring or RAIDZ). Since the user/sysadmin
doesn't have control over what data will be offered extra redundancy by
dedupditto, this extra redundancy is not very useful. The bulk of the
data is still vulnerable to loss based on the pool-level redundancy.
For example, if particle strikes corrupt 0.1% of blocks, you will either
be saved by mirror/raidz, or you will be sad. This is true even if
dedupditto saved another 0.01% of blocks from being corrupted.
Therefore, the dedupditto functionality is rarely enabled (i.e. the
property is rarely set), and it fulfills its promise of increased
redundancy even more rarely.
Additionally, this feature does not work as advertised (on existing
releases), because scrub/resilver did not repair the extra (dedupditto)
copy (see https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/pull/8270).
In summary, this seldom-used feature doesn't work, and even if it did it
wouldn't provide useful data protection. It has a non-trivial
maintenance burden (again see https://github.com/zfsonlinux/zfs/pull/8270).
We should remove the dedupditto functionality. For backwards
compatibility with the existing CLI, "zpool set dedupditto" will still
"succeed" (exit code zero), but won't have any effect. For backwards
compatibility with existing pools that had dedupditto enabled at some
point, the code will still be able to understand dedupditto blocks and
free them when appropriate. However, ZFS won't write any new dedupditto
blocks.
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Igor Kozhukhov <igor@dilos.org>
Reviewed-by: Alek Pinchuk <apinchuk@datto.com>
Issue #8270Closes#8310
UNMAP/TRIM support is a frequently-requested feature to help
prevent performance from degrading on SSDs and on various other
SAN-like storage back-ends. By issuing UNMAP/TRIM commands for
sectors which are no longer allocated the underlying device can
often more efficiently manage itself.
This TRIM implementation is modeled on the `zpool initialize`
feature which writes a pattern to all unallocated space in the
pool. The new `zpool trim` command uses the same vdev_xlate()
code to calculate what sectors are unallocated, the same per-
vdev TRIM thread model and locking, and the same basic CLI for
a consistent user experience. The core difference is that
instead of writing a pattern it will issue UNMAP/TRIM commands
for those extents.
The zio pipeline was updated to accommodate this by adding a new
ZIO_TYPE_TRIM type and associated spa taskq. This new type makes
is straight forward to add the platform specific TRIM/UNMAP calls
to vdev_disk.c and vdev_file.c. These new ZIO_TYPE_TRIM zios are
handled largely the same way as ZIO_TYPE_READs or ZIO_TYPE_WRITEs.
This makes it possible to largely avoid changing the pipieline,
one exception is that TRIM zio's may exceed the 16M block size
limit since they contain no data.
In addition to the manual `zpool trim` command, a background
automatic TRIM was added and is controlled by the 'autotrim'
property. It relies on the exact same infrastructure as the
manual TRIM. However, instead of relying on the extents in a
metaslab's ms_allocatable range tree, a ms_trim tree is kept
per metaslab. When 'autotrim=on', ranges added back to the
ms_allocatable tree are also added to the ms_free tree. The
ms_free tree is then periodically consumed by an autotrim
thread which systematically walks a top level vdev's metaslabs.
Since the automatic TRIM will skip ranges it considers too small
there is value in occasionally running a full `zpool trim`. This
may occur when the freed blocks are small and not enough time
was allowed to aggregate them. An automatic TRIM and a manual
`zpool trim` may be run concurrently, in which case the automatic
TRIM will yield to the manual TRIM.
Reviewed-by: Jorgen Lundman <lundman@lundman.net>
Reviewed-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Reviewed-by: Matt Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Contributions-by: Saso Kiselkov <saso.kiselkov@nexenta.com>
Contributions-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Contributions-by: Chunwei Chen <tuxoko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#8419Closes#598
Instead of choosing a leaf vdev quasi-randomly, by starting at the root
vdev and randomly choosing children, rotate over leaves to issue MMP
writes. This fixes an issue in a pool whose top-level vdevs have
different numbers of leaves.
The issue is that the frequency at which individual leaves are chosen
for MMP writes is based not on the total number of leaves but based on
how many siblings the leaves have.
For example, in a pool like this:
root-vdev
+------+---------------+
vdev1 vdev2
| |
| +------+-----+-----+----+
disk1 disk2 disk3 disk4 disk5 disk6
vdev1 and vdev2 will each be chosen 50% of the time. Every time vdev1
is chosen, disk1 will be chosen. However, every time vdev2 is chosen,
disk2 is chosen 20% of the time. As a result, disk1 will be sent 5x as
many MMP writes as disk2.
This may create wear issues in the case of SSDs. It also reduces the
effectiveness of MMP as it depends on the writes being evenly
distributed for the case where some devices fail or are partitioned.
The new code maintains a list of leaf vdevs in the pool. MMP records
the last leaf used for an MMP write in mmp->mmp_last_leaf. To choose
the next leaf, MMP starts at mmp->mmp_last_leaf and traverses the list,
continuing from the head if the tail is reached. It stops when a
suitable leaf is found or all leaves have been examined.
Added a test to verify MMP write distribution is even.
Reviewed-by: Tom Caputi <tcaputi@datto.com>
Reviewed-by: Kash Pande <kash@tripleback.net>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: loli10K <ezomori.nozomu@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Olaf Faaland <faaland1@llnl.gov>
Closes#7953
Currently, if a resilver is triggered for any reason while an
existing one is running, zfs will immediately restart the existing
resilver from the beginning to include the new drive. This causes
problems for system administrators when a drive fails while another
is already resilvering. In this case, the optimal thing to do to
reduce risk of data loss is to wait for the current resilver to end
before immediately replacing the second failed drive, which allows
the system to operate with two incomplete drives for the minimum
amount of time.
This patch introduces the resilver_defer feature that essentially
does this for the admin without forcing them to wait and monitor
the resilver manually. The change requires an on-disk feature
since we must mark drives that are part of a deferred resilver in
the vdev config to ensure that we do not assume they are done
resilvering when an existing resilver completes.
Reviewed-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: John Kennedy <john.kennedy@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: @mmaybee
Signed-off-by: Tom Caputi <tcaputi@datto.com>
Closes#7732
torvalds/linux@59b57717f ("blkcg: delay blkg destruction until
after writeback has finished") added a refcount_t to the blkcg
structure. Due to the refcount_t compatibility code, zfs_refcount_t
was used by mistake.
Resolve this by removing the compatibility code and replacing the
occurrences of refcount_t with zfs_refcount_t.
Reviewed-by: Franz Pletz <fpletz@fnordicwalking.de>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Tim Schumacher <timschumi@gmx.de>
Closes#7885Closes#7932
Allocation Classes add the ability to have allocation classes in a
pool that are dedicated to serving specific block categories, such
as DDT data, metadata, and small file blocks. A pool can opt-in to
this feature by adding a 'special' or 'dedup' top-level VDEV.
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Richard Laager <rlaager@wiktel.com>
Reviewed-by: Alek Pinchuk <apinchuk@datto.com>
Reviewed-by: Håkan Johansson <f96hajo@chalmers.se>
Reviewed-by: Andreas Dilger <andreas.dilger@chamcloud.com>
Reviewed-by: DHE <git@dehacked.net>
Reviewed-by: Richard Elling <Richard.Elling@RichardElling.com>
Reviewed-by: Gregor Kopka <gregor@kopka.net>
Reviewed-by: Kash Pande <kash@tripleback.net>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Don Brady <don.brady@delphix.com>
Closes#5182
Overview
========
We parallelize the allocation process by creating the concept of
"allocators". There are a certain number of allocators per metaslab
group, defined by the value of a tunable at pool open time. Each
allocator for a given metaslab group has up to 2 active metaslabs; one
"primary", and one "secondary". The primary and secondary weight mean
the same thing they did in in the pre-allocator world; primary metaslabs
are used for most allocations, secondary metaslabs are used for ditto
blocks being allocated in the same metaslab group. There is also the
CLAIM weight, which has been separated out from the other weights, but
that is less important to understanding the patch. The active metaslabs
for each allocator are moved from their normal place in the metaslab
tree for the group to the back of the tree. This way, they will not be
selected for use by other allocators searching for new metaslabs unless
all the passive metaslabs are unsuitable for allocations. If that does
happen, the allocators will "steal" from each other to ensure that IOs
don't fail until there is truly no space left to perform allocations.
In addition, the alloc queue for each metaslab group has been broken
into a separate queue for each allocator. We don't want to dramatically
increase the number of inflight IOs on low-end systems, because it can
significantly increase txg times. On the other hand, we want to ensure
that there are enough IOs for each allocator to allow for good
coalescing before sending the IOs to the disk. As a result, we take a
compromise path; each allocator's alloc queue max depth starts at a
certain value for every txg. Every time an IO completes, we increase the
max depth. This should hopefully provide a good balance between the two
failure modes, while not dramatically increasing complexity.
We also parallelize the spa_alloc_tree and spa_alloc_lock, which cause
very similar contention when selecting IOs to allocate. This
parallelization uses the same allocator scheme as metaslab selection.
Performance Results
===================
Performance improvements from this change can vary significantly based
on the number of CPUs in the system, whether or not the system has a
NUMA architecture, the speed of the drives, the values for the various
tunables, and the workload being performed. For an fio async sequential
write workload on a 24 core NUMA system with 256 GB of RAM and 8 128 GB
SSDs, there is a roughly 25% performance improvement.
Future Work
===========
Analysis of the performance of the system with this patch applied shows
that a significant new bottleneck is the vdev disk queues, which also
need to be parallelized. Prototyping of this change has occurred, and
there was a performance improvement, but more work needs to be done
before its stability has been verified and it is ready to be upstreamed.
Authored by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim.dimitro@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Alexander Motin <mav@FreeBSD.org>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Approved by: Gordon Ross <gwr@nexenta.com>
Ported-by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Signed-off-by: Paul Dagnelie <pcd@delphix.com>
Porting Notes:
* Fix reservation test failures by increasing tolerance.
OpenZFS-issue: https://illumos.org/issues/9112
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/3f3cc3c3Closes#7682
In the case of one pool being built on another pool, we want
to make sure we don't end up throttling the lower (backing)
pool when the upper pool is the majority contributor to dirty
data. To insure we make forward progress during throttling, we
also check the current pool's net dirty data and only throttle
if it exceeds zfs_arc_pool_dirty_percent of the anonymous dirty
data in the cache.
Authored by: Don Brady <don.brady@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Sebastien Roy <sebastien.roy@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Prashanth Sreenivasa <pks@delphix.com>
Approved by: Robert Mustacchi <rm@joyent.com>
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Porting Notes:
* The new global variables zfs_arc_dirty_limit_percent,
zfs_arc_anon_limit_percent, and zfs_arc_pool_dirty_percent
were intentially not added as tunable module parameters.
OpenZFS-issue: https://illumos.org/issues/9465
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/d6a4c3efCloses#7749
Details about the motivation of this feature and its usage can
be found in this blogpost:
https://sdimitro.github.io/post/zpool-checkpoint/
A lightning talk of this feature can be found here:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fPQA8K40jAM
Implementation details can be found in big block comment of
spa_checkpoint.c
Side-changes that are relevant to this commit but not explained
elsewhere:
* renames members of "struct metaslab trees to be shorter without
losing meaning
* space_map_{alloc,truncate}() accept a block size as a
parameter. The reason is that in the current state all space
maps that we allocate through the DMU use a global tunable
(space_map_blksz) which defauls to 4KB. This is ok for metaslab
space maps in terms of bandwirdth since they are scattered all
over the disk. But for other space maps this default is probably
not what we want. Examples are device removal's vdev_obsolete_sm
or vdev_chedkpoint_sm from this review. Both of these have a
1:1 relationship with each vdev and could benefit from a bigger
block size.
Porting notes:
* The part of dsl_scan_sync() which handles async destroys has
been moved into the new dsl_process_async_destroys() function.
* Remove "VERIFY(!(flags & FWRITE))" in "kernel.c" so zhack can write
to block device backed pools.
* ZTS:
* Fix get_txg() in zpool_sync_001_pos due to "checkpoint_txg".
* Don't use large dd block sizes on /dev/urandom under Linux in
checkpoint_capacity.
* Adopt Delphix-OS's setting of 4 (spa_asize_inflation =
SPA_DVAS_PER_BP + 1) for the checkpoint_capacity test to speed
its attempts to fill the pool
* Create the base and nested pools with sync=disabled to speed up
the "setup" phase.
* Clear labels in test pool between checkpoint tests to avoid
duplicate pool issues.
* The import_rewind_device_replaced test has been marked as "known
to fail" for the reasons listed in its DISCLAIMER.
* New module parameters:
zfs_spa_discard_memory_limit,
zfs_remove_max_bytes_pause (not documented - debugging only)
vdev_max_ms_count (formerly metaslabs_per_vdev)
vdev_min_ms_count
Authored by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim.dimitro@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: John Kennedy <john.kennedy@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Dan Kimmel <dan.kimmel@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
OpenZFS-issue: https://illumos.org/issues/9166
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/7159fdb8Closes#7570
Commit torvalds/linux@95582b0 changes the inode i_atime, i_mtime,
and i_ctime members form timespec's to timespec64's to make them
2038 safe. As part of this change the current_time() function was
also updated to return the timespec64 type.
Resolve this issue by introducing a new inode_timespec_t type which
is defined to match the timespec type used by the inode. It should
be used when working with inode timestamps to ensure matching types.
The timestruc_t type under Illumos was used in a similar fashion but
was specified to always be a timespec_t. Rather than incorrectly
define this type all timespec_t types have been replaced by the new
inode_timespec_t type.
Finally, the kernel and user space 'sys/time.h' headers were aligned
with each other. They define as appropriate for the context several
constants as macros and include static inline implementation of
gethrestime(), gethrestime_sec(), and gethrtime().
Reviewed-by: Chunwei Chen <tuxoko@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#7643
Some work has been done lately to improve the debugability of the ZFS pool
load (and import) process. This includes:
7638 Refactor spa_load_impl into several functions
8961 SPA load/import should tell us why it failed
7277 zdb should be able to print zfs_dbgmsg's
To iterate on top of that, there's a few changes that were made to make the
import process more resilient and crash free. One of the first tasks during the
pool load process is to parse a config provided from userland that describes
what devices the pool is composed of. A vdev tree is generated from that config,
and then all the vdevs are opened.
The Meta Object Set (MOS) of the pool is accessed, and several metadata objects
that are necessary to load the pool are read. The exact configuration of the
pool is also stored inside the MOS. Since the configuration provided from
userland is external and might not accurately describe the vdev tree
of the pool at the txg that is being loaded, it cannot be relied upon to safely
operate the pool. For that reason, the configuration in the MOS is read early
on. In the past, the two configurations were compared together and if there was
a mismatch then the load process was aborted and an error was returned.
The latter was a good way to ensure a pool does not get corrupted, however it
made the pool load process needlessly fragile in cases where the vdev
configuration changed or the userland configuration was outdated. Since the MOS
is stored in 3 copies, the configuration provided by userland doesn't have to be
perfect in order to read its contents. Hence, a new approach has been adopted:
The pool is first opened with the untrusted userland configuration just so that
the real configuration can be read from the MOS. The trusted MOS configuration
is then used to generate a new vdev tree and the pool is re-opened.
When the pool is opened with an untrusted configuration, writes are disabled
to avoid accidentally damaging it. During reads, some sanity checks are
performed on block pointers to see if each DVA points to a known vdev;
when the configuration is untrusted, instead of panicking the system if those
checks fail we simply avoid issuing reads to the invalid DVAs.
This new two-step pool load process now allows rewinding pools accross
vdev tree changes such as device replacement, addition, etc. Loading a pool
from an external config file in a clustering environment also becomes much
safer now since the pool will import even if the config is outdated and didn't,
for instance, register a recent device addition.
With this code in place, it became relatively easy to implement a
long-sought-after feature: the ability to import a pool with missing top level
(i.e. non-redundant) devices. Note that since this almost guarantees some loss
of data, this feature is for now restricted to a read-only import.
Porting notes (ZTS):
* Fix 'make dist' target in zpool_import
* The maximum path length allowed by tar is 99 characters. Several
of the new test cases exceeded this limit resulting in them not
being included in the tarball. Shorten the names slightly.
* Set/get tunables using accessor functions.
* Get last synced txg via the "zfs_txg_history" mechanism.
* Clear zinject handlers in cleanup for import_cache_device_replaced
and import_rewind_device_replaced in order that the zpool can be
exported if there is an error.
* Increase FILESIZE to 8G in zfs-test.sh to allow for a larger
ext4 file system to be created on ZFS_DISK2. Also, there's
no need to partition ZFS_DISK2 at all. The partitioning had
already been disabled for multipath devices. Among other things,
the partitioning steals some space from the ext4 file system,
makes it difficult to accurately calculate the paramters to
parted and can make some of the tests fail.
* Increase FS_SIZE and FILE_SIZE in the zpool_import test
configuration now that FILESIZE is larger.
* Write more data in order that device evacuation take lonnger in
a couple tests.
* Use mkdir -p to avoid errors when the directory already exists.
* Remove use of sudo in import_rewind_config_changed.
Authored by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Andrew Stormont <andyjstormont@gmail.com>
Approved by: Hans Rosenfeld <rosenfeld@grumpf.hope-2000.org>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
OpenZFS-issue: https://illumos.org/issues/9075
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/619c0123Closes#7459
We should use zfs_dbgmsg instead of spa_dbgmsg. Or at least,
metaslab_condense() should call zfs_dbgmsg because it's important and
rare enough to always log. It's possible that the message in
zio_dva_allocate() would be too high-frequency for zfs_dbgmsg.
Authored by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim.dimitro@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Elling <Richard.Elling@RichardElling.com>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Ported-by: Giuseppe Di Natale <dinatale2@llnl.gov>
Patch Notes:
* Removed ZFS_DEBUG_SPA from zfs-module-parameters.5
OpenZFS-issue: https://www.illumos.org/issues/9236
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/cfaba7f668Closes#7467
The timeline of the race condition is the following:
[1] Thread A is about to finish condesing the first vdev in
spa_condense_indirect_thread(), so it calls the
spa_condense_indirect_complete_sync() sync task which sets
the spa_condensing_indirect field to NULL. Waiting for the
sync task to finish, thread A sleeps until the txg is done.
When this happens, thread A will acquire spa_async_lock and
set spa_condense_thread to NULL.
[2] While thread A waits for the txg to finish, thread B which is
running spa_sync() checks whether it should condense the
second vdev in vdev_indirect_should_condense() by checking the
spa_condensing_indirect field which was set to NULL by
spa_condense_indirect_thread() from thread A. So it goes on
and tries to spawn a new condensing thread in
spa_condense_indirect_start_sync() and the aforementioned
assertions fails because thread A has not set spa_condense_thread
to NULL (which is basically the last thing it does before returning).
The main issue here is that we rely on both spa_condensing_indirect
and spa_condense_thread to signify whether a condensing thread is
running. Ideally we would only use one throughout the codebase. In
addition, for managing spa_condense_thread we currently use
spa_async_lock which basically tights condensing to scrubing when
it comes to pausing and resuming those actions during spa export.
This commit introduces the ZTHR infrastructure, which is basically
threads created during spa_load()/spa_create() and exist until we
export or destroy the pool. ZTHRs sleep the majority of the time,
until they are notified to wake up and do some predefined type of work.
In the context of the current bug, a zthr to does the condensing of
indirect mappings replacing the older code that used bare kthreads.
When a pool is created, the condensing zthr is spawned but sleeps
right away, until it is awaken by a signal from spa_sync(). If an
existing pool is loaded, the condensing zthr looks if there is
anything to condense before going to sleep, in case we were condensing
mappings in the pool before it got exported.
The benefits of this solution are the following:
- The current bug is fixed
- spa_condensing_indirect is the sole indicator of whether we are
currently condensing or not
- condensing is more decoupled from the spa_async_thread related
functionality.
As a final note, this commit also sets up the path on upstreaming
other features that use the ZTHR code like zpool checkpoint and
fast clone deletion.
Authored by: Serapheim Dimitropoulos <serapheim@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Pavel Zakharov <pavel.zakharov@delphix.com>
Approved by: Hans Rosenfeld <rosenfeld@grumpf.hope-2000.org>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
OpenZFS-issue: https://illumos.org/issues/9079
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/3dc606eeCloses#6900
OpenZFS 7614 - zfs device evacuation/removal
OpenZFS 9064 - remove_mirror should wait for device removal to complete
This project allows top-level vdevs to be removed from the storage pool
with "zpool remove", reducing the total amount of storage in the pool.
This operation copies all allocated regions of the device to be removed
onto other devices, recording the mapping from old to new location.
After the removal is complete, read and free operations to the removed
(now "indirect") vdev must be remapped and performed at the new location
on disk. The indirect mapping table is kept in memory whenever the pool
is loaded, so there is minimal performance overhead when doing operations
on the indirect vdev.
The size of the in-memory mapping table will be reduced when its entries
become "obsolete" because they are no longer used by any block pointers
in the pool. An entry becomes obsolete when all the blocks that use
it are freed. An entry can also become obsolete when all the snapshots
that reference it are deleted, and the block pointers that reference it
have been "remapped" in all filesystems/zvols (and clones). Whenever an
indirect block is written, all the block pointers in it will be "remapped"
to their new (concrete) locations if possible. This process can be
accelerated by using the "zfs remap" command to proactively rewrite all
indirect blocks that reference indirect (removed) vdevs.
Note that when a device is removed, we do not verify the checksum of
the data that is copied. This makes the process much faster, but if it
were used on redundant vdevs (i.e. mirror or raidz vdevs), it would be
possible to copy the wrong data, when we have the correct data on e.g.
the other side of the mirror.
At the moment, only mirrors and simple top-level vdevs can be removed
and no removal is allowed if any of the top-level vdevs are raidz.
Porting Notes:
* Avoid zero-sized kmem_alloc() in vdev_compact_children().
The device evacuation code adds a dependency that
vdev_compact_children() be able to properly empty the vdev_child
array by setting it to NULL and zeroing vdev_children. Under Linux,
kmem_alloc() and related functions return a sentinel pointer rather
than NULL for zero-sized allocations.
* Remove comment regarding "mpt" driver where zfs_remove_max_segment
is initialized to SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE.
Change zfs_condense_indirect_commit_entry_delay_ticks to
zfs_condense_indirect_commit_entry_delay_ms for consistency with
most other tunables in which delays are specified in ms.
* ZTS changes:
Use set_tunable rather than mdb
Use zpool sync as appropriate
Use sync_pool instead of sync
Kill jobs during test_removal_with_operation to allow unmount/export
Don't add non-disk names such as "mirror" or "raidz" to $DISKS
Use $TEST_BASE_DIR instead of /tmp
Increase HZ from 100 to 1000 which is more common on Linux
removal_multiple_indirection.ksh
Reduce iterations in order to not time out on the code
coverage builders.
removal_resume_export:
Functionally, the test case is correct but there exists a race
where the kernel thread hasn't been fully started yet and is
not visible. Wait for up to 1 second for the removal thread
to be started before giving up on it. Also, increase the
amount of data copied in order that the removal not finish
before the export has a chance to fail.
* MMP compatibility, the concept of concrete versus non-concrete devices
has slightly changed the semantics of vdev_writeable(). Update
mmp_random_leaf_impl() accordingly.
* Updated dbuf_remap() to handle the org.zfsonlinux:large_dnode pool
feature which is not supported by OpenZFS.
* Added support for new vdev removal tracepoints.
* Test cases removal_with_zdb and removal_condense_export have been
intentionally disabled. When run manually they pass as intended,
but when running in the automated test environment they produce
unreliable results on the latest Fedora release.
They may work better once the upstream pool import refectoring is
merged into ZoL at which point they will be re-enabled.
Authored by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Alex Reece <alex@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: John Kennedy <john.kennedy@delphix.com>
Reviewed-by: Prakash Surya <prakash.surya@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Laager <rlaager@wiktel.com>
Reviewed by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Reviewed by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Approved by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
Ported-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
OpenZFS-issue: https://www.illumos.org/issues/7614
OpenZFS-commit: https://github.com/openzfs/openzfs/commit/f539f1ebCloses#6900
During a receive operation zvol_create_minors_impl() can wait
needlessly for the prefetch thread because both share the same tasks
queue. This results in hung tasks:
<3>INFO: task z_zvol:5541 blocked for more than 120 seconds.
<3> Tainted: P O 3.16.0-4-amd64
<3>"echo 0 > /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs" disables this message.
The first z_zvol:5541 (zvol_task_cb) is waiting for the long running
traverse_prefetch_thread:260
root@linux:~# cat /proc/spl/taskq
taskq act nthr spwn maxt pri mina
spl_system_taskq/0 1 2 0 64 100 1
active: [260]traverse_prefetch_thread [zfs](0xffff88003347ae40)
wait: 5541
spl_delay_taskq/0 0 1 0 4 100 1
delay: spa_deadman [zfs](0xffff880039924000)
z_zvol/1 1 1 0 1 120 1
active: [5541]zvol_task_cb [zfs](0xffff88001fde6400)
pend: zvol_task_cb [zfs](0xffff88001fde6800)
This change adds a dedicated, per-pool, prefetch taskq to prevent the
traverse code from monopolizing the global (and limited) system_taskq by
inappropriately scheduling long running tasks on it.
Reviewed-by: Albert Lee <trisk@forkgnu.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: loli10K <ezomori.nozomu@gmail.com>
Closes#6330Closes#6890Closes#7343
When the pool is suspended, record whether it was due to an I/O error or
due to MMP writes failing to succeed within the required time.
Change spa_suspended from uint8_t to zio_suspend_reason_t to store the
reason.
When userspace queries pool status via spa_tryimport(), report the
reason the pool was suspended in a new key,
ZPOOL_CONFIG_SUSPENDED_REASON.
In libzfs, when interpreting the returned config nvlist, report
suspension due to MMP with a new pool status enum value,
ZPOOL_STATUS_IO_FAILURE_MMP.
In status_callback(), which generates and emits the message when 'zpool
status' is executed, add a case to print an appropriate message for the
new pool status enum value.
Reviewed-by: George Melikov <mail@gmelikov.ru>
Reviewed-by: Giuseppe Di Natale <dinatale2@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed-by: Tony Hutter <hutter2@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Olaf Faaland <faaland1@llnl.gov>
Closes#7296
Don Brady
ednadolski-ix
Alexander Motin
Ameer Hamza
George Amanakis
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
Richard Yao
Alek P
Tino Reichardt
наб
Allan Jude
Fedor Uporov
Colm
Matthew Ahrens
Ryan Libby
Brian Behlendorf
Matthew Macy
Ryan Moeller
John Gallagher
George Wilson
Sara Hartse
Serapheim Dimitropoulos
Matthew Ahrens
Olaf Faaland
Tom Caputi
Tim Schumacher
Paul Dagnelie
Serapheim Dimitropoulos
Pavel Zakharov
LOLi