This is a minor nit, but the second line of the 'action' message
when you need to upgrade your pool to support feature flags exceeds
the standard 80 character limit. Fix it by moving the word
'feature' on to the third line.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
In the interest of maintaining only one udev helper to give vdevs
user friendly names, the zpool_id and zpool_layout infrastructure
is being retired. They are superseded by vdev_id which incorporates
all the previous functionality.
Documentation for the new vdev_id(8) helper and its configuration
file, vdev_id.conf(5), can be found in their respective man pages.
Several useful example files are installed under /etc/zfs/.
/etc/zfs/vdev_id.conf.alias.example
/etc/zfs/vdev_id.conf.multipath.example
/etc/zfs/vdev_id.conf.sas_direct.example
/etc/zfs/vdev_id.conf.sas_switch.example
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#981
The vdev_id udev helper strictly requires configuration file keywords
to always be anchored at the beginning of the line and to be followed
by a space character. However, users may prefer to use indentation or
tab delimitation. Improve flexibility by simply requiring a keyword
to be the first field on the line.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1239
1337 `zpool status -D' should tell if there are no DDT entries
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Igor Kozhukhov <ikozhukhov@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@zfsmail.com>
Approved by: Albert Lee <trisk@nexenta.com>
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@ce72e614c1
illumos changeset: 13432:d1ad8d106d64
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1337
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
A fsck helper to accomidate distributions that expect to be able
to execute a fsck on all filesystem types. Currently this script
does nothing but it could be extended to act as a compatibility
wrapper for 'zpool scrub'.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#964
Rather than just reporting the failure include the passed
mount point and error number.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1153
3349 zpool upgrade -V bumps the on disk version number, but leaves
the in core version
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <chris.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <matthew.ahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Approved by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@nexenta.com>
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@25345e4666https://www.illumos.org/issues/3349
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
2762 zpool command should have better support for feature flags
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <Eric.Schrock@delphix.com>
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@57221772c3https://www.illumos.org/issues/2762
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
3090 vdev_reopen() during reguid causes vdev to be treated as corrupt
3102 vdev_uberblock_load() and vdev_validate() may read the wrong label
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Christopher Siden <chris.siden@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <Eric.Schrock@delphix.com>
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@dfbb943217
illumos changeset: 13777:b1e53580146d
https://www.illumos.org/issues/3090https://www.illumos.org/issues/3102
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#939
This reverts commit d135245791.
Since feature flags have now been merged we can apply the real
upstream fix from Illumos.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #997
2619 asynchronous destruction of ZFS file systems
2747 SPA versioning with zfs feature flags
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Reviewed by: Dan Kruchinin <dan.kruchinin@gmail.com>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <Eric.Schrock@delphix.com>
References:
illumos/illumos-gate@53089ab7c8illumos/illumos-gate@ad135b5d64
illumos changeset: 13700:2889e2596bd6
https://www.illumos.org/issues/2619https://www.illumos.org/issues/2747
NOTE: The grub specific changes were not ported. This change
must be made to the Linux grub packages.
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
mountall in Debian depends on being able to pass the -f parameter to
mount, which specifies a fake mount and just updates the mtab. Currently
mount.zfs will fail such a request if it is not passed with -o zfsutil.
This patch allows a fake mount on a non-legacy filesystem to succeed in
the same manner as a -o remount does, thus enabling mountall to work
correctly.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1167
Add a vdev_id feature to map device names based on already defined
udev device links. To increase the odds that vdev_id will run after
the rules it depends on, increase the vdev.rules rule number from 60
to 69. With this change, vdev_id now provides functionality analogous
to zpool_id and zpool_layout, paving the way to retire those tools.
A defined alias takes precedence over a topology-derived name, but the
two naming methods can otherwise coexist. For example, one might name
drives in a JBOD with the sas_direct topology while naming an internal
L2ARC device with an alias.
For example, the following lines in vdev_id.conf will result in the
creation of links /dev/disk/by-vdev/{d1,d2}, each pointing to the same
target as the device link specified in the third field.
# by-vdev
# name fully qualified or base name of device link
alias d1 /dev/disk/by-id/wwn-0x5000c5002de3b9ca
alias d2 wwn-0x5000c5002def789e
Also perform some minor vdev_id cleanup, such as removal of the unused
-s command line option.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#981
Commit df83110856 missed update to
getopt() call, while delivering all the rest. This commit adds
"o" to getopt().
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #566
While expanding positional parameters shell requires non-single
digits to be enclosed in braces. When the SAS topology is
non-trivial the number of positional parameters generated internally
by vdev_id script (using set -- ...) easily crosses single digit limit
and vdev_id fails to generate links.
Signed-off-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#1119
Full bash may not be available in all environments where udev helpers
run, such as in an initial ramdisk. To avoid breakage in this case,
remove use of bash-specific features such as variable arrays and the
`declare' keyword from the vdev_id script.
Signed-off-by: Ned Bass <bass6@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#870
Canonicalize the mount point passed to the mount.zfs helper.
This way a clean path is always added to mtab which ensures
the umount can properly locate and remove the entry.
Test case:
$ mkdir /mnt/foo
$ mount -t zfs zpool/foo /mnt/../mnt/foo////
$ umount /mnt/foo
$ cat /etc/mtab | grep zpool/foo
zpool/foo /mnt/../mnt/foo//// zfs rw 0 0
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#573
When adding devices to an existing pool "ashift" property is
auto-detected. However, if this property was overridden at
the pool creation time (i.e. zpool create -o ashift=12 tank ...)
this may not be what the user wants. This commit lets the user
specify the value of "ashift" property to be used with newly
added drives. For example,
zpool add -o ashift=12 tank disk1
zpool attach -o ashift=12 tank disk1 disk2
Signed-off-by: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#566
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Elling <richard.elling@richardelling.com>
Reviewed by: Gordon Ross <gwr@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@damore.org>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Refererces to Illumos issue:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/2671
This patch has been slightly modified from the upstream Illumos
version. In the upstream implementation a warning message is
logged to the console. To prevent pointless console noise this
notification is now posted as a "ereport.fs.zfs.vdev.bad_ashift"
event.
The event indicates a non-optimial (but entirely safe) ashift
value was used to create the pool. Depending on your workload
this may impact pool performance. Unfortunately, the only way
to correct the issue is to recreate the pool with a new ashift.
NOTE: The unrelated fix to the comment in zpool_main.c appears
in the upstream commit and was preserved for consistnecy.
Ported-by: Cyril Plisko <cyril.plisko@mountall.com>
Reworked-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#955
The interface for the ddt_zap_count() function assumes it can
never fail. However, internally ddt_zap_count() is implemented
with zap_count() which can potentially fail. Now because there
was no way to return the error to the caller a VERIFY was used
to ensure this case never happens.
Unfortunately, it has been observed that pools can be damaged in
such a way that zap_count() fails. The result is that the pool can
not be imported without hitting the VERIFY and crashing the system.
This patch reworks ddt_object_count() so the error can be safely
caught and returned to the caller. This allows a pool which has
be damaged in this way to be safely rewound for import.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#910
The 'zpool replace' command would fail when given a short name
because unlike on other platforms the short name cannot be
deterministically expanded to a single path. Multiple path
prefixes must be checked and in addition the partition suffix
for whole disks is determined by the prefix.
To handle this complexity a zfs_strcmp_pathname() function was
added which takes either a short or fully qualified device name.
Short names will be expanded using the prefixes in the default
import search path, or the ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable
if it's defined. All posible expansions are then compared against
the comparison path. Care is taken to strip redundant slashes to
ensure legitimate matches are not missed.
In the context of this work the existing zfs_resolve_shortname()
function was extended to consider the ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH when set.
The zfs_append_partition() interface was also simplified to take
only a single buffer.
The vast majority of these changes rework existing Linux specific
code which was originally written to accomidate udev. However,
there is some minimal cleanup which removes Illumos specific code.
This was done to improve readability but the basic flow and intent
of the upstream code was maintained.
These changes are the logical conclusion of the previos work to
adjust the 'zpool import' search behavior, see commit 44867b6a.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#544Closes#976
The ztest deadman timer has been causing false positives in the
testing VMs. To make it easier to spot possible regressions
I'm disabling this timer. The buildbot test infrastructure
will still mark ztest instances which take to long to complete
as failures.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #1018
The realpath(3) function expects that when a buffer is passed
for the 'resolved_path' that it be at least PATH_MAX in length.
If it's not a buffer overflow may occur.
Therefore the passed buffer size is changed from MAXNAMELEN to
MAXPATHLEN. We also take this opertunity to dynamically allocate
the buffer to keep it off the stack.
warning: call to '__realpath_chk_warn' declared with attribute
warning: second argument of realpath must be either NULL or at
least PATH_MAX bytes long buffer [enabled by default]
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Under Linux the following functions are flagged with the
attribute warn_unused_result, this triggers a warning when
ever they are used without checking the return value.
To handle this case we check the result VERIFY(). It's
better to detect this immediately on failure rather than
segfault farther down in the function.
../../cmd/ztest/ztest.c:6033:2: warning:
ignoring return value of 'asprintf', declared with
attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
../../cmd/ztest/ztest.c:739:3: warning:
ignoring return value of 'realpath', declared with
attribute warn_unused_result [-Wunused-result]
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
The use of tempnam() is racy and it should be avoided in favor of
mkstemp(). According to the Linux tempnam(3) man page.
"Although tempnam() generates names that are difficult to guess,
it is nevertheless possible that between the time that tempnam()
returns a pathname, and the time that the program opens it, another
program might create that pathname using open(2), or create it as
a symbolic link. This can lead to security holes. To avoid such
possibilities, use the open(2) O_EXCL flag to open the pathname.
Or better yet, use mkstemp(3) or tmpfile(3)."
This issue was flagged by gcc.
ztest.o: In function `setup_data_fd': cmd/ztest/ztest.c:5822:
warning: the use of `tempnam' is dangerous, better use `mkstemp'
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
To ensure ztest behaves as similarly as possible to the kernel
implementation of ZFS we attempt to honor the kernel stack limits.
This includes keeping the individual stack frame sizes under 1K
in size. We currently use gcc to detect and enforce this limit.
Therefore to get this building cleanly with full debugging enabled
the stack usage in the following functions has been reduced by
moving the buffer to the heap.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Currently, ztest expects to get 3 and 4 as the file descriptors for
data and random files, respectively. This is quite fragile and breaks
easily if ztest is run with these file descriptors already opened
(e.g. in a complex shell script).
This patch fixes the issue by removing the assumptions on the file
descriptor numbers that open() returns.
For the random file (/dev/urandom), the new code doesn't rely on a
shared file descriptor; instead, it reopens the file in the child.
For the data file, the new code writes the file descriptor number into
a "ZTEST_FD_DATA" environment variable so that it can be recovered
after the execv() call.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
illumos/illumos-gate@ad135b5d64
Illumos changeset: 13700:2889e2596bd6
Note that this is only a partial port of the aforementioned Illumos
changeset.
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Reviewed by: Dan Kruchinin <dan.kruchinin@gmail.com>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <Eric.Schrock@delphix.com>
Ported to zfsonlinux by: Etienne Dechamps <etienne.dechamps@ovh.net>
Currently, ztest fails with the following error:
error: Pool 'ztest' has encountered an uncorrectable I/O failure
and the failure mode property for this pool is set to panic.
We know how to fix it (see issue #939), but it may take some time
before we get around to merging the fix, which has some heavy
dependencies.
In the mean time, it is not ideal to be unable to use ztest just
because of a small isolated issue, so this patch works around the
problem by disabling the reguid test. This is just a temporary hack to
keep ztest usable.
The reguid test will be enabled again when the proper fix is merged.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#997
Currently, in several instances (but not all), ztest generates vdev
file paths using a statement similar to this:
snprintf(path, sizeof (path), ztest_dev_template, ...);
This worked fine until 40b84e7aec, which
changed path to be a pointer to the heap instead of an array allocated
on the stack. Before this change, sizeof(path) would return the size of
the array; now, it returns the size of the pointer instead.
As a result, the aforementioned sprintf statement uses the wrong size
and truncates the vdev file path to the first 4 or 8 bytes (depending
on the architecture). Typically, with default settings, the file path
will become "/tmp/zt" instead of "/test/ztest.XXX".
This issue only exists in ztest_vdev_attach_detach() and
ztest_fault_inject(), which explains why ztest doesn't fail right away.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #989
Currently, thread_create(), when called in userspace, creates a
joinable (i.e. not detached thread). This is the pthread default.
Unfortunately, this does not reproduce kthreads behavior (kthreads
are always detached). In addition, this contradicts the original
Solaris code which creates userspace threads in detached mode.
These joinable threads are never joined, which leads to a leakage of
pthread thread objects ("zombie threads"). This in turn results in
excessive ressource consumption, and possible ressource exhaustion in
extreme cases (e.g. long ztest runs).
This patch fixes the issue by creating userspace threads in detached
mode. The only exception is ztest worker threads which are meant to be
joinable.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #989
The goal of this change is to make 'zpool import' prefer to use
the peristent /dev/mapper or /dev/disk/by-* paths. These are far
preferable to the devices in /dev/ whos names are not persistent
and are determined by the order in which a device is detected.
This patch improves things by changing the default search path from
just to the top level /dev/ directory to (in order):
/dev/disk/by-vdev - Custom rules, use first if they exist
/dev/disk/zpool - Custom rules, use first if they exist
/dev/mapper - Use multipath devices before components
/dev/disk/by-uuid - Single unique entry and persistent
/dev/disk/by-id - May be multiple entries and persistent
/dev/disk/by-path - Encodes physical location and persistent
/dev/disk/by-label - Custom persistent labels
/dev - UNSAFE device names will change
The default search path can be overriden by setting the
ZPOOL_IMPORT_PATH environment variable. This must be a colon
delimited list of paths which are searched for vdevs. If the
'zpool import -d' option is specified only those listed paths
will be searched.
Finally, when multiple paths to the same device are found. If one
of the paths is an exact match for the path used last time to import
the pool it will be used. When there are no exact matches the
prefered path will be determined by the provided search order.
This means you can still import a pool and force specific names by
providing the -d <path> option. And the prefered names will persist
as long as those paths exist on your system.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#965
Without this fix the zdb printouts of ZIL data blocks look full of FF
due to printf() handling its arguments as int by default.
Here is the output before the fix
TX_WRITE len 4136, txg 1093817, seq 149231
foid 4242, offset 0, length f68
G FFFFFF8EFFFFFF87FFFFFF91FFFFFFCC 1c
FFFFFFAFFFFFFFC9FFFFFFBAZ FFFFFFC3
And the same after the fix
TX_WRITE len 4136, txg 1093817, seq 149231
foid 4242, offset 0, length f68
G 8E8791CC 1cAFC9BAZ C3
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#962
ztest outputs a message when testing sync=always no matter what the
verbosity level is. There is no point outputting this message for low
verbosity levels.
With this patch the message is only displayed at verbosity level 5 or
above. The result is less output pollution.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#951
Commit e6f290535c added libzpool to
the mount_zfs dependencies. This brought in the nvpair symbols
which are used by libzpool. To resolve this include the libnvpair
library for mount_zfs even though mount_zfs doesn't directly
require any of these symbols.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#926
mount_zfs depends on libzpool for zfs_prop_written since
330d06f90d. Unfortunately, the Makefile
for mount_zfs has not been modified to reflect this. As a result,
libtool doesn't know about the dependency, which may result in the wrong
libzpool being used during the build (e.g. the libzpool from the system
instead of the libzpool from the build directory).
This patch adds the dependency to fix the issue.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Fixes#909.
Remove all of the generated autotools products from the repository
and update the .gitignore files accordingly.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#718
1796 "ZFS HOLD" should not be used when doing "ZFS SEND" from a read-only pool
2871 support for __ZFS_POOL_RESTRICT used by ZFS test suite
2903 zfs destroy -d does not work
2957 zfs destroy -R/r sometimes fails when removing defer-destroyed snapshot
Reviewed by: Matthew Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <george.wilson@delphix.com>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <Eric.Schrock@delphix.com>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1796https://www.illumos.org/issues/2871https://www.illumos.org/issues/2903https://www.illumos.org/issues/2957
Ported by: Martin Matuska <martin@matuska.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <matt@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <George.Wilson@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Bill Pijewski <wdp@joyent.com>
Reviewed by: Richard Elling <richard.elling@richardelling.com>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/2635
Ported by: Martin Matuska <martin@matuska.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#717
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@zfsmail.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1693
Ported by: Martin Matuska <martin@matuska.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#678
Currently, zvols have a discard granularity set to 0, which suggests to
the upper layer that discard requests of arbirarily small size and
alignment can be made efficiently.
In practice however, ZFS does not handle unaligned discard requests
efficiently: indeed, it is unable to free a part of a block. It will
write zeros to the specified range instead, which is both useless and
inefficient (see dnode_free_range).
With this patch, zvol block devices expose volblocksize as their discard
granularity, so the upper layer is aware that it's not supposed to send
discard requests smaller than volblocksize.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#862
1644 add ZFS "clones" property
1645 add ZFS "written" and "written@..." properties
1646 "zfs send" should estimate size of stream
1647 "zfs destroy" should determine space reclaimed by
destroying multiple snapshots
1708 adjust size of zpool history data
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1644https://www.illumos.org/issues/1645https://www.illumos.org/issues/1646https://www.illumos.org/issues/1647https://www.illumos.org/issues/1708
This commit modifies the user to kernel space ioctl ABI. Extra
care should be taken when updating to ensure both the kernel
modules and utilities are updated. This change has reordered
all of the new ioctl()s to the end of the list. This should
help minimize this issue in the future.
Reviewed by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@zfsmail.com>
Reviewed by: Albert Lee <trisk@opensolaris.org>
Approved by: Garrett D'Amore <garret@nexenta.com>
Ported by: Martin Matuska <martin@matuska.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#826Closes#664
This is done for compatibility with existing Linux infrastructure.
In particular, when using zfs as a root filesystem there are init
scripts which as part of shutdown remount root read-only. Also,
the new systemd infrastructure being used by Fedora expects to be
able to remount a file system read-write.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #847
The end_writeback() function was changed by moving the call to
inode_sync_wait() earlier in to evict(). This effecitvely changes
the ordering of the sync but it does not impact the details of
the zfs implementation.
However, as part of this change end_writeback() was renamed to
clear_inode() to reflect the new semantics. This change does
impact us and clear_inode() now maps to end_writeback() for
kernels prior to 3.5.
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@cs.stonybrook.edu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#784
The vmtruncate_range() support has been removed from the kernel in
favor of using the fallocate method in the file_operations table.
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@cs.stonybrook.edu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #784
The export_operations member ->encode_fh() has been updated to
take both the child and parent inodes. This interface used to
take the child dentry and a bool describing if the parent is needed.
NOTE: While updating this code I noticed that we do not currently
cleanly handle the case where we're passed a connectable parent.
This code should be audited to make sure we're doing the right thing.
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@cs.stonybrook.edu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #784
Currently, zpool online -e (dynamic vdev expansion) doesn't work on
whole disks because we're invoking ioctl(BLKRRPART) from userspace
while ZFS still has a partition open on the disk, which results in
EBUSY.
This patch moves the BLKRRPART invocation from the zpool utility to the
module. Specifically, this is done just before opening the device in
vdev_disk_open() which is called inside vdev_reopen(). This requires
jumping through some hoops to get to the disk device from the partition
device, and to make sure we can still open the partition after the
BLKRRPART call.
Note that this new code path is triggered on dynamic vdev expansion
only; other actions, like creating a new pool, are unchanged and still
call BLKRRPART from userspace.
This change also depends on API changes which are available in 2.6.37
and latter kernels. The build system has been updated to detect this,
but there is no compatibility mode for older kernels. This means that
online expansion will NOT be available in older kernels. However, it
will still be possible to expand the vdev offline.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#808
Reviewed by: George Wilson <gwilson@zfsmail.com>
Reviewed by: Igor Kozhukhov <ikozhukhov@gmail.com>
Reviewed by: Alexander Eremin <alexander.eremin@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Alexander Stetsenko <ams@nexenta.com>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
References:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1748
This commit modifies the user to kernel space ioctl ABI. Extra
care should be taken when updating to ensure both the kernel
modules and utilities are updated. If only the user space
component is updated both the 'zpool events' command and the
'zpool reguid' command will not work until the kernel modules
are updated.
Ported by: Martin Matuska <martin@matuska.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#665
FreeBSD #xxx: Dramatically optimize listing snapshots when user
requests only snapshot names and wants to sort them by name, ie.
when executes:
# zfs list -t snapshot -o name -s name
Because only name is needed we don't have to read all snapshot
properties.
Below you can find how long does it take to list 34509 snapshots
from a single disk pool before and after this change with cold and
warm cache:
before:
# time zfs list -t snapshot -o name -s name > /dev/null
cold cache: 525s
warm cache: 218s
after:
# time zfs list -t snapshot -o name -s name > /dev/null
cold cache: 1.7s
warm cache: 1.1s
NOTE: This patch only appears in FreeBSD. If/when Illumos picks up
the change we may want to drop this patch and adopt their version.
However, for now this addresses a real issue.
Ported-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #450
This is not a proper fix. It is just a workaround for the stack
smashing detected by gcc in zvol_id. We simply disable the gcc
stack protector for now when building the zvol_id udev helper.
Once the root cause is resolved this patch should be reverted.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issues #569
When compiling ZFS with CFLAGS=-O0 it will trigger the following error.
Resolve the issue by properly including locale.h.
../../cmd/mount_zfs/mount_zfs.c: In function 'main':
../../cmd/mount_zfs/mount_zfs.c:318:2: warning: implicit declaration
of function 'setlocale' [-Wimplicit-function-declaration]
../../cmd/mount_zfs/mount_zfs.c:318:19: error: 'LC_ALL' undeclared
(first use in this function)
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#724
torvalds/linux@adc0e91ab1 introduced
introduced d_make_root() as a replacement for d_alloc_root(). Further
commits appear to have removed d_alloc_root() from the Linux source
tree. This causes the following failure:
error: implicit declaration of function 'd_alloc_root'
[-Werror=implicit-function-declaration]
To correct this we update the code to use the current d_make_root()
interface for readability. Then we introduce an autotools check
to determine if d_make_root() is available. If it isn't then we
define some compatibility logic which used the older d_alloc_root()
interface.
Signed-off-by: Richard Yao <ryao@gentoo.org>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#776
vdev_id parses the file /etc/zfs/vdev_id.conf to map a physical path
in a storage topology to a channel name. The channel name is combined
with a disk enclosure slot number to create an alias that reflects the
physical location of the drive. This is particularly helpful when it
comes to tasks like replacing failed drives. Slot numbers may also be
re-mapped in case the default numbering is unsatisfactory. The drive
aliases will be created as symbolic links in /dev/disk/by-vdev.
The only currently supported topologies are sas_direct and sas_switch:
o sas_direct - a channel is uniquely identified by a PCI slot and a
HBA port
o sas_switch - a channel is uniquely identified by a SAS switch port
A multipath mode is supported in which dm-mpath devices are handled by
examining the first running component disk, as reported by 'multipath
-l'. In multipath mode the configuration file should contain a
channel definition with the same name for each path to a given
enclosure.
vdev_id can replace the existing zpool_id script on systems where the
storage topology conforms to sas_direct or sas_switch. The script
could be extended to support other topologies as well. The advantage
of vdev_id is that it is driven by a single static input file that can
be shared across multiple nodes having a common storage toplogy.
zpool_id, on the other hand, requires a unique /etc/zfs/zdev.conf per
node and a separate slot-mapping file. However, zpool_id provides the
flexibility of using any device names that show up in
/dev/disk/by-path, so it may still be needed on some systems.
vdev_id's functionality subsumes that of the sas_switch_id script, and
it is unlikely that anyone is using it, so sas_switch_id is removed.
Finally, /dev/disk/by-vdev is added to the list of directories that
'zpool import' will scan.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#713
The mode argument of iops->create()/mkdir()/mknod() was changed from
an 'int' to a 'umode_t'. To prevent a compiler warning an autoconf
check was added to detect the API change and then correctly set a
zpl_umode_t typedef. There is no functional change.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#701
Reviewed by: Richard Elling <richard.elling@richardelling.com>
Reviewed by: Joshua M. Clulow <josh@sysmgr.org>
Approved by: Richard Lowe <richlowe@richlowe.net>
Reference to Illumos issue:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/1946
Ported by: Richard Yao <ryao@cs.stonybrook.edu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Reviewed by: Adam Leventhal <ahl@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Matt Ahrens <mahrens@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Reviewed by: Dan McDonald <danmcd@nexenta.com>
Reviewed by: Garrett D'Amore <garrett@nexenta.com>
Approved by: Eric Schrock <eric.schrock@delphix.com>
Refererce to Illumos issue:
https://www.illumos.org/issues/952
Ported-by: Richard Yao <ryao@cs.stonybrook.edu>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#607
Add support for the `zfs list -t snap` alias which is available under
Oracle Solaris 11.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#640
For consistency, and because it's handy, add the 'zfs snap' alias which
was introduced by Oracle Solaris 11. This includes an update to the
man page to reflect all the available alias (snap, umount, and recv).
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#640
A cryptic error code is printed when mounting a legacy dataset to a
non-existent mountpoint. This patch changes this behavior to print
"mount point '%s' does not exist", which is similar to the error
message printed when mounting procfs.
The single quotes were added to be consistent with the existing EBUSY
error message, which is the only difference between this error message
and the one that is printed when the same condition occurs when mounting
procfs.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#633
When stdout is detected to be a tty use the number of columns
specified by the terminal. If that fails fall back to a default
80 column width. In the non-tty case allow for 999 column lines.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Caught by lint, this permission change was accidentally introduced
by commit 42cb3819f1. Restore the
correct permissions and while I'm at it add a missing whack-bang
to config/ltmain.sh.
lint: executable-not-elf-or-script: zpool_main.c zfs_main.c
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#620
Allow rigorous (and expensive) tx validation to be enabled/disabled
indepentantly from the standard zfs debugging. When enabled these
checks ensure that all txs are constructed properly and that a dbuf
is never dirtied without taking the correct tx hold.
This checking is particularly helpful when adding new dmu consumers
like Lustre. However, for established consumers such as the zpl
with no known outstanding tx construction problems this is just
overhead.
--enable-debug-dmu-tx - Enable/disable validation of each tx as
--disable-debug-dmu-tx it is constructed. By default validation
is disabled due to performance concerns.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Add support for the .zfs control directory. This was accomplished
by leveraging as much of the existing ZFS infrastructure as posible
and updating it for Linux as required. The bulk of the core
functionality is now all there with the following limitations.
*) The .zfs/snapshot directory automount support requires a 2.6.37
or newer kernel. The exception is RHEL6.2 which has backported
the d_automount patches.
*) Creating/destroying/renaming snapshots with mkdir/rmdir/mv
in the .zfs/snapshot directory works as expected. However,
this functionality is only available to root until zfs
delegations are finished.
* mkdir - create a snapshot
* rmdir - destroy a snapshot
* mv - rename a snapshot
The following issues are known defeciences, but we expect them to
be addressed by future commits.
*) Add automount support for kernels older the 2.6.37. This should
be possible using follow_link() which is what Linux did before.
*) Accessing the .zfs/snapshot directory via NFS is not yet possible.
The majority of the ground work for this is complete. However,
finishing this work will require resolving some lingering
integration issues with the Linux NFS kernel server.
*) The .zfs/shares directory exists but no futher smb functionality
has yet been implemented.
Contributions-by: Rohan Puri <rohan.puri15@gmail.com>
Contributiobs-by: Andrew Barnes <barnes333@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#173
The 'zfs list' and 'zpool list' commands output the message
'no datasets/pools available' to stdout. This should go to
stderr and only the available datasets/pools should go to
stdout. Returning nothing to stdout is expected behavior
when there is nothing to list.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#581
Allow a source rpm to be rebuilt with debugging enabled. This
avoids the need to have to manually modify the spec file. By
default debugging is still largely disabled. To enable specific
debugging features use the following options with rpmbuild.
'--with debug' - Enables ASSERTs
# For example:
$ rpmbuild --rebuild --with debug zfs-modules-0.6.0-rc6.src.rpm
Additionally, ZFS_CONFIG has been added to zfs_config.h for
packages which build against these headers. This is critical
to ensure both zfs and the dependant package are using the same
prototype and structure definitions.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
When creating a new pool, make_root_vdev() calls check_in_use() to
ensure that none of the consituent disks are in use. If the disk
contains a valid vdev label it is read to retrieve the list of its
child vdevs and these are checked recursively. However, the
partitions stored in the vdev label my no longer exist, for example
if the partition table has since been altered. In any such case we
would want the pool creation to proceed, so this change removes the
check from check_slice() that returns an error if the device doesn't
exist. As an added assurance, the Solaris implementation also
returns sucess on ENOENT.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
DISCARD (REQ_DISCARD, BLKDISCARD) is useful for thin provisioning.
It allows ZVOL clients to discard (unmap, trim) block ranges from
a ZVOL, thus optimizing disk space usage by allowing a ZVOL to
shrink instead of just grow.
We can't use zfs_space() or zfs_freesp() here, since these functions
only work on regular files, not volumes. Fortunately we can use the
low-level function dmu_free_long_range() which does exactly what we
want.
Currently the discard operation is not added to the log. That's not
a big deal since losing discard requests cannot result in data
corruption. It would however result in disk space usage higher than
it should be. Thus adding log support to zvol_discard() is probably
a good idea for a future improvement.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Currently only the (FALLOC_FL_PUNCH_HOLE) flag combination is
supported, since it's the only one that matches the behavior of
zfs_space(). This makes it pretty much useless in its current
form, but it's a start.
To support other flag combinations we would need to modify
zfs_space() to make it more flexible, or emulate the desired
functionality in zpl_fallocate().
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #334
The Linux block device queue subsystem exposes a number of configurable
settings described in Linux block/blk-settings.c. The defaults for these
settings are tuned for hard drives, and are not optimized for ZVOLs. Proper
configuration of these options would allow upper layers (I/O scheduler) to
take better decisions about write merging and ordering.
Detailed rationale:
- max_hw_sectors is set to unlimited (UINT_MAX). zvol_write() is able to
handle writes of any size, so there's no reason to impose a limit. Let the
upper layer decide.
- max_segments and max_segment_size are set to unlimited. zvol_write() will
copy the requests' contents into a dbuf anyway, so the number and size of
the segments are irrelevant. Let the upper layer decide.
- physical_block_size and io_opt are set to the ZVOL's block size. This
has the potential to somewhat alleviate issue #361 for ZVOLs, by warning
the upper layers that writes smaller than the volume's block size will be
slow.
- The NONROT flag is set to indicate this isn't a rotational device.
Although the backing zpool might be composed of rotational devices, the
resulting ZVOL often doesn't exhibit the same behavior due to the COW
mechanisms used by ZFS. Setting this flag will prevent upper layers from
making useless decisions (such as reordering writes) based on incorrect
assumptions about the behavior of the ZVOL.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
zvol_write() assumes that the write request must be written to stable storage
if rq_is_sync() is true. Unfortunately, this assumption is incorrect. Indeed,
"sync" does *not* mean what we think it means in the context of the Linux
block layer. This is well explained in linux/fs.h:
WRITE: A normal async write. Device will be plugged.
WRITE_SYNC: Synchronous write. Identical to WRITE, but passes down
the hint that someone will be waiting on this IO
shortly.
WRITE_FLUSH: Like WRITE_SYNC but with preceding cache flush.
WRITE_FUA: Like WRITE_SYNC but data is guaranteed to be on
non-volatile media on completion.
In other words, SYNC does not *mean* that the write must be on stable storage
on completion. It just means that someone is waiting on us to complete the
write request. Thus triggering a ZIL commit for each SYNC write request on a
ZVOL is unnecessary and harmful for performance. To make matters worse, ZVOL
users have no way to express that they actually want data to be written to
stable storage, which means the ZIL is broken for ZVOLs.
The request for stable storage is expressed by the FUA flag, so we must
commit the ZIL after the write if the FUA flag is set. In addition, we must
commit the ZIL before the write if the FLUSH flag is set.
Also, we must inform the block layer that we actually support FLUSH and FUA.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
The second argument of sops->show_options() was changed from a
'struct vfsmount *' to a 'struct dentry *'. Add an autoconf check
to detect the API change and then conditionally define the expected
interface. In either case we are only interested in the zfs_sb_t.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#549
These libraries, which are an artifact of the ZoL development
process, conflict with packages that are already in distribution:
* libspl: SPL Programming Language
* libavl: AVL for Linux
* libefi: GRUB
And these libraries are potential conflicts:
* libshare: the Linux Mount Manager
* libunicode: Perl and Python
Recompose these five ZoL components into the four libraries that are
conventionally provided by Solaris and FreeBSD systems:
+ libnvpair
+ libuutil
+ libzpool
+ libzfs
This change resolves the name conflict, makes ZoL more compatible
with existing software that uses autotools to detect ZFS, and allows
pkg-zfs to better reflect the official Debian kFreeBSD packaging.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes: #430
Linux supports mounting over non-empty directories by default.
In Solaris this is not the case and -O option is required for
zfs mount to mount a zfs filesystem over a non-empty directory.
For compatibility, I've added support for -O option to mount
zfs filesystems over non-empty directories if the user wants
to, just like in Solaris.
I've defined MS_OVERLAY to record it in the flags variable if
the -O option is supplied. The flags variable passes through
a few functions and its checked before performing the empty
directory check in zfs_mount function. If -O is given, the
check is not performed.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#473
Some implementations of `awk` incorrectly parse the \< and \> regex
symbols, so use a `while read` loop and regular globbing instead.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes: #259
The Linux 3.1 kernel has introduced the concept of per-filesystem
shrinkers which are directly assoicated with a super block. Prior
to this change there was one shared global shrinker.
The zfs code relied on being able to call the global shrinker when
the arc_meta_limit was exceeded. This would cause the VFS to drop
references on a fraction of the dentries in the dcache. The ARC
could then safely reclaim the memory used by these entries and
honor the arc_meta_limit. Unfortunately, when per-filesystem
shrinkers were added the old interfaces were made unavailable.
This change adds support to use the new per-filesystem shrinker
interface so we can continue to honor the arc_meta_limit. The
major benefit of the new interface is that we can now target
only the zfs filesystem for dentry and inode pruning. Thus we
can minimize any impact on the caching of other filesystems.
In the context of making this change several other important
issues related to managing the ARC were addressed, they include:
* The dnlc_reduce_cache() function which was called by the ARC
to drop dentries for the Posix layer was replaced with a generic
zfs_prune_t callback. The ZPL layer now registers a callback to
drop these dentries removing a layering violation which dates
back to the Solaris code. This callback can also be used by
other ARC consumers such as Lustre.
arc_add_prune_callback()
arc_remove_prune_callback()
* The arc_reduce_dnlc_percent module option has been changed to
arc_meta_prune for clarity. The dnlc functions are specific to
Solaris's VFS and have already been largely eliminated already.
The replacement tunable now represents the number of bytes the
prune callback will request when invoked.
* Less aggressively invoke the prune callback. We used to call
this whenever we exceeded the arc_meta_limit however that's not
strictly correct since it results in over zeleous reclaim of
dentries and inodes. It is now only called once the arc_meta_limit
is exceeded and every effort has been made to evict other data from
the ARC cache.
* More promptly manage exceeding the arc_meta_limit. When reading
meta data in to the cache if a buffer was unable to be recycled
notify the arc_reclaim thread to invoke the required prune.
* Added arcstat_prune kstat which is incremented when the ARC
is forced to request that a consumer prune its cache. Remember
this will only occur when the ARC has no other choice. If it
can evict buffers safely without invoking the prune callback
it will.
* This change is also expected to resolve the unexpect collapses
of the ARC cache. This would occur because when exceeded just the
arc_meta_limit reclaim presure would be excerted on the arc_c
value via arc_shrink(). This effectively shrunk the entire cache
when really we just needed to reclaim meta data.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#466Closes#292
Regenerating the autotools configuration on Debian and Ubuntu systems
causes compilation to fail with this error message:
cmd/mount_zfs/../../cmd/mount_zfs/mount_zfs.c:403:
undefined reference to `is_selinux_enabled'
In the automake template, set "mount_zfs_LDFLAGS = ... $(LIBSELINUX)"
so that the /sbin/mount.zfs utility is linked to libselinux.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Directly changing inode->i_nlink is deprecated in Linux 3.2 by commit
SHA: bfe8684869601dacfcb2cd69ef8cfd9045f62170
Use the new set_nlink() kernel function instead.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes: #462
Added the necessary build infrastructure for building packages
compatible with the Arch Linux distribution. As such, one can now run:
$ ./configure
$ make pkg # Alternatively, one can run 'make arch' as well
on the Arch Linux machine to create two binary packages compatible with
the pacman package manager, one for the zfs userland utilities and
another for the zfs kernel modules. The new packages can then be
installed by running:
# pacman -U $package.pkg.tar.xz
In addition, source-only packages suitable for an Arch Linux chroot
environment or remote builder can also be build using the 'sarch' make
rule.
NOTE: Since the source dist tarball is created on the fly from the head
of the build tree, it's MD5 hash signature will be continually influx.
As a result, the md5sum variable was intentionally omitted from the
PKGBUILD files, and the '--skipinteg' makepkg option is used. This may
or may not have any serious security implications, as the source tarball
is not being downloaded from an outside source.
Signed-off-by: Prakash Surya <surya1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#491
The zpool_id script is posixly correct and does not use bash
features, so change its whackbang from /bin/bash to /bin/sh.
Debian policy also stipulates that system scripts be dash compatible.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Direct invocation of GNU egrep is deprecated by its man page, and the
its argument in the zpool_id script is not an extended expression.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
For consistency and safety, quote all variables in the zpool_id
script. This accomodates a `-c CONFIG` parameter value with
whitespace in the path name.
Also fix a typo in the usage synopsis for `-h`.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Issue #439
The /lib/udev/path_id helper became a builtin command in the udev 174
release, so test whether path_id is external in the zpool_id script.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes: #429
Update the code to use the bdi_setup_and_register() helper to
simplify the bdi integration code. The updated code now just
registers the bdi during mount and destroys it during unmount.
The only complication is that for 2.6.32 - 2.6.33 kernels the
helper wasn't available so in these cases the zfs code must
provide it. Luckily the bdi_setup_and_register() function
is trivial.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Closes#367
ZFS contains error messages that point to the defunct www.sun.com
domain, which is currently offline. Change these error messages
to use the zfsonlinux.org mirror instead.
This commit depends on:
zfsonlinux/zfsonlinux.github.com@8e10ead3dc
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Export all symbols already marked extern in the zfs_vfsops.h
header. Several non-static symbols have also been added to
the header and exportewd. This allows external modules to
more easily create and manipulate properly created ZFS
filesystem type datasets.
Rename zfsvfs_teardown() to zfs_sb_teardown and export it.
This is done simply for consistency with the rest of the code
base. All other zfsvfs_* functions have already been renamed.
Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Brian Behlendorf
Ned Bass
Christopher Siden
Yuri Pankov
George Wilson
Matthew Ahrens
Will Rouesnel
Cyril Plisko
nordaux
George Wilson
Etienne Dechamps
Bill Pijewski
Richard Lowe
Etienne Dechamps
Martin Matuska
Eric Schrock
Andrew Stormont
Alexander Eremin
Dan McDonald
Matthew Ahrens
Richard Yao
Garrett D'Amore
Pawel Jakub Dawidek
Daniel Verite
Richard Yao
Ned A. Bass
Frederik Wessels
Mike Harsch
P.SCH
Craig Sanders
Gregor Kopka
Darik Horn
Suman Chakravartula
Prakash Surya