diff --git a/cmd/Makefile.am b/cmd/Makefile.am
index 2bd9d039f2..96040976e5 100644
--- a/cmd/Makefile.am
+++ b/cmd/Makefile.am
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ zfs_ids_to_path_LDADD = \
 	libzfs.la
 
 
-zhack_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+zhack_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 
 sbin_PROGRAMS   += zhack
 CPPCHECKTARGETS += zhack
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ zhack_LDADD = \
 
 
 ztest_CFLAGS    = $(AM_CFLAGS) $(KERNEL_CFLAGS)
-ztest_CPPFLAGS  = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+ztest_CPPFLAGS  = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 
 sbin_PROGRAMS   += ztest
 CPPCHECKTARGETS += ztest
diff --git a/cmd/raidz_test/Makefile.am b/cmd/raidz_test/Makefile.am
index 3b8b605683..635216d65d 100644
--- a/cmd/raidz_test/Makefile.am
+++ b/cmd/raidz_test/Makefile.am
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 raidz_test_CFLAGS   = $(AM_CFLAGS)   $(KERNEL_CFLAGS)
-raidz_test_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+raidz_test_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 
 bin_PROGRAMS    += raidz_test
 CPPCHECKTARGETS += raidz_test
diff --git a/cmd/zdb/Makefile.am b/cmd/zdb/Makefile.am
index ebdc19128e..8a4388bd18 100644
--- a/cmd/zdb/Makefile.am
+++ b/cmd/zdb/Makefile.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-zdb_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+zdb_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 zdb_CFLAGS   = $(AM_CFLAGS) $(LIBCRYPTO_CFLAGS)
 
 sbin_PROGRAMS   += zdb
diff --git a/cmd/zstream/Makefile.am b/cmd/zstream/Makefile.am
index f9d0b0cfd2..be3539fe90 100644
--- a/cmd/zstream/Makefile.am
+++ b/cmd/zstream/Makefile.am
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-zstream_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+zstream_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 
 sbin_PROGRAMS   += zstream
 CPPCHECKTARGETS += zstream
diff --git a/config/Rules.am b/config/Rules.am
index b462826e2c..9c0714c825 100644
--- a/config/Rules.am
+++ b/config/Rules.am
@@ -71,4 +71,7 @@ KERNEL_CFLAGS       = $(FRAME_LARGER_THAN)
 LIBRARY_CFLAGS      = -no-suppress
 
 # Forcibly enable asserts/debugging for libzpool &al.
-FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS = -DDEBUG -UNDEBUG -DZFS_DEBUG
+# Since ZFS_DEBUG can change shared data structures, all libzpool users must
+# be compiled with the same flags.
+# See https://github.com/openzfs/zfs/issues/16476
+LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS = -DDEBUG -UNDEBUG -DZFS_DEBUG
diff --git a/lib/libzpool/Makefile.am b/lib/libzpool/Makefile.am
index 6989fefc66..81949bf9e5 100644
--- a/lib/libzpool/Makefile.am
+++ b/lib/libzpool/Makefile.am
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ include $(srcdir)/%D%/include/Makefile.am
 libzpool_la_CFLAGS  = $(AM_CFLAGS) $(KERNEL_CFLAGS) $(LIBRARY_CFLAGS)
 libzpool_la_CFLAGS += $(ZLIB_CFLAGS)
 
-libzpool_la_CPPFLAGS  = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+libzpool_la_CPPFLAGS  = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 libzpool_la_CPPFLAGS += -I$(srcdir)/include/os/@ac_system_l@/zfs
 libzpool_la_CPPFLAGS += -DLIB_ZPOOL_BUILD
 
diff --git a/tests/zfs-tests/cmd/Makefile.am b/tests/zfs-tests/cmd/Makefile.am
index 23848a82ff..a8df06c2e9 100644
--- a/tests/zfs-tests/cmd/Makefile.am
+++ b/tests/zfs-tests/cmd/Makefile.am
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ scripts_zfs_tests_bin_PROGRAMS += %D%/badsend
 
 
 scripts_zfs_tests_bin_PROGRAMS += %D%/btree_test
-%C%_btree_test_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(FORCEDEBUG_CPPFLAGS)
+%C%_btree_test_CPPFLAGS = $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(LIBZPOOL_CPPFLAGS)
 %C%_btree_test_LDADD = \
 	libzpool.la \
 	libzfs_core.la