Fix vdev_queue_aggregate() deadlock

This deadlock may manifest itself in slightly different ways but
at the core it is caused by a memory allocation blocking on file-
system reclaim in the zio pipeline.  This is normally impossible
because zio_execute() disables filesystem reclaim by setting
PF_FSTRANS on the thread.  However, kmem cache allocations may
still indirectly block on file system reclaim while holding the
critical vq->vq_lock as shown below.

To resolve this issue zio_buf_alloc_flags() is introduced which
allocation flags to be passed.  This can then be used in
vdev_queue_aggregate() with KM_NOSLEEP when allocating the
aggregate IO buffer.  Since aggregating the IO is purely a
performance optimization we want this to either succeed or fail
quickly.  Trying too hard to allocate this memory under the
vq->vq_lock can negatively impact performance and result in
this deadlock.

* z_wr_iss
zio_vdev_io_start
  vdev_queue_io -> Takes vq->vq_lock
    vdev_queue_io_to_issue
      vdev_queue_aggregate
        zio_buf_alloc -> Waiting on spl_kmem_cache process

* z_wr_int
zio_vdev_io_done
  vdev_queue_io_done
    mutex_lock -> Waiting on vq->vq_lock held by z_wr_iss

* txg_sync
spa_sync
  dsl_pool_sync
    zio_wait -> Waiting on zio being handled by z_wr_int

* spl_kmem_cache
spl_cache_grow_work
  kv_alloc
    spl_vmalloc
      ...
      evict
        zpl_evict_inode
          zfs_inactive
            dmu_tx_wait
              txg_wait_open -> Waiting on txg_sync

Signed-off-by: Brian Behlendorf <behlendorf1@llnl.gov>
Signed-off-by: Chunwei Chen <david.chen@osnexus.com>
Signed-off-by: Tim Chase <tim@chase2k.com>
Closes #3808
Closes #3867

include/sys/zio.h

@@ -525,6 +525,7 @@ extern void *zio_buf_alloc(size_t size);
 extern void zio_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size);
 extern void *zio_data_buf_alloc(size_t size);
 extern void zio_data_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size);
+extern void *zio_buf_alloc_flags(size_t size, int flags);
 
 extern void zio_resubmit_stage_async(void *);
 

module/zfs/vdev_queue.c

@@ -502,6 +502,7 @@ vdev_queue_aggregate(vdev_queue_t *vq, zio_t *zio)
 	boolean_t stretch = B_FALSE;
 	avl_tree_t *t = vdev_queue_type_tree(vq, zio->io_type);
 	enum zio_flag flags = zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_AGG_INHERIT;
+	void *buf;
 
 	if (zio->io_flags & ZIO_FLAG_DONT_AGGREGATE)
 		return (NULL);
@@ -608,8 +609,12 @@ vdev_queue_aggregate(vdev_queue_t *vq, zio_t *zio)
 	size = IO_SPAN(first, last);
 	ASSERT3U(size, <=, zfs_vdev_aggregation_limit);
 
+	buf = zio_buf_alloc_flags(size, KM_NOSLEEP);
+	if (buf == NULL)
+		return (NULL);
+
 	aio = zio_vdev_delegated_io(first->io_vd, first->io_offset,
-	    zio_buf_alloc(size), size, first->io_type, zio->io_priority,
+	    buf, size, first->io_type, zio->io_priority,
 	    flags | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_CACHE | ZIO_FLAG_DONT_QUEUE,
 	    vdev_queue_agg_io_done, NULL);
 	aio->io_timestamp = first->io_timestamp;

module/zfs/zio.c

@@ -248,6 +248,20 @@ zio_data_buf_alloc(size_t size)
 	return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_data_buf_cache[c], KM_PUSHPAGE));
 }
 
+/*
+ * Use zio_buf_alloc_flags when specific allocation flags are needed.  e.g.
+ * passing KM_NOSLEEP when it is acceptable for an allocation to fail.
+ */
+void *
+zio_buf_alloc_flags(size_t size, int flags)
+{
+	size_t c = (size - 1) >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT;
+
+	VERIFY3U(c, <, SPA_MAXBLOCKSIZE >> SPA_MINBLOCKSHIFT);
+
+	return (kmem_cache_alloc(zio_buf_cache[c], flags));
+}
+
 void
 zio_buf_free(void *buf, size_t size)
 {
@@ -3458,6 +3472,7 @@ zbookmark_is_before(const dnode_phys_t *dnp, const zbookmark_phys_t *zb1,
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_type_name);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_buf_alloc);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_data_buf_alloc);
+EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_buf_alloc_flags);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_buf_free);
 EXPORT_SYMBOL(zio_data_buf_free);