2280 lines
121 KiB
HTML
2280 lines
121 KiB
HTML
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|
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</head>
|
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|
||
<body lang=EN-US link=blue vlink=purple style='tab-interval:.5in'>
|
||
|
||
<div class=Section1>
|
||
|
||
<h1><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Expressions
|
||
and Queries in LINQ<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Database applications frequently rely on “Dynamic
|
||
SQL”—queries that are constructed at run-time through program logic. The LINQ
|
||
infrastructure supports similar capabilities through dynamic construction of
|
||
expression trees using the classes in the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions</span></span> namespace. Expression
|
||
trees are an appropriate abstraction for a variety of scenarios, but for others
|
||
a string-based representation may be more convenient. The <a
|
||
href="#_Dynamic_Expression_API">Dynamic Expression API</a> extends the core
|
||
LINQ API with that capability. The API is located in the <span class=SpellE>Dynamic.cs</span>
|
||
source file and provides</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
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|
||
</span><span class=GramE>Dynamic</span> parsing of strings to produce
|
||
expression trees (the <a href="#_The_ParseLambda_Methods"><span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span></a>
|
||
and <a href="#_The_Parse_Method">Parse</a> methods),</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
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|
||
</span>Dynamic creation of “Data Classes” (the <a
|
||
href="#_Dynamic_Class_Creation"><span class=SpellE>CreateClass</span></a> methods),
|
||
and</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>Dynamic</span> string-based querying through LINQ
|
||
providers (the <a href="#_IQueryable_Extension_Methods">IQueryable extension
|
||
methods</a>).</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Dynamic Expression API relies on a simple <a
|
||
href="#_Expression_Language">expression language</a> for formulating
|
||
expressions and queries in strings.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Dynamic_Expression_API"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Expression API<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><a name="_The_ParseLambda_Methods"></a>The Dynamic
|
||
Expression API is brought into scope by using (importing) the <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic</span></span>
|
||
namespace. Below is an example of applying the Dynamic Expression API to a LINQ
|
||
to SQL data source.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>var</span></span></span>
|
||
query =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>db.Customers</span>.<br>
|
||
<span class=GramE>Where(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"City
|
||
= @0 and <span class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>, <span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>, 10).<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>OrderBy</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>CompanyName</span>"</span>).<br>
|
||
<span class=GramE>Select(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"new(<span
|
||
class=SpellE>CompanyName</span> as Name, Phone)"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note that expressions in the query are strings that could
|
||
have been dynamically constructed at run-time.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The <span
|
||
class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span> Methods<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span>
|
||
class defines the following overloaded <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> methods for dynamically parsing
|
||
and creating lambda expressions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda1></a><span class=GramE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span>(<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[]
|
||
parameters, <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda2></a><span class=GramE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span>(<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>argumentType</span>,
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><a name=ParseLambda3></a><span class=GramE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span style='color:blue'>static</span> <span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span class=SpellE>TArgument</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE>TResult</span>>><br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span><<span class=SpellE>TArgument</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE>TResult</span>>(<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span>
|
||
expression, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda1">first</a> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload parses a lambda
|
||
expression with the given <span class=CodeFragment>parameters</span> and <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>expression</span> body and returns an <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><…>></span>
|
||
instance representing the result. If the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>resultType</span></span> parameter is non-null it specifies
|
||
the required result type for the expression. The <span class=CodeFragment>values</span>
|
||
parameter supplies zero or more <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution
|
||
values</a> that may be referenced in the expression.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><a name=LambdaExample1></a>The example</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>
|
||
x = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>
|
||
y = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> e
|
||
= <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span>(<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] { x, y }, <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>null</span>, <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) *
|
||
2"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> and assigns an <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><<span
|
||
class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>>></span>
|
||
instance to <span class=CodeFragment>e</span> representing the expression <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>(x</span> <span class=CodeFragment>+</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>y)</span> <span class=CodeFragment>*</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>2</span>. If a required result type is specified, as in</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span>
|
||
e = <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] { x, y }, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span
|
||
style='color:blue'>double</span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) *
|
||
2"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>the</span> parsing operation will include
|
||
an <a href="#_Conversions">implicit conversion</a> to the given result type, in
|
||
this case yielding an <span class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span
|
||
class=SpellE>Func</span><<span class=SpellE>int</span>, <span class=SpellE>int</span>,
|
||
double>></span> instance.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda2">second</a> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload parses a lambda
|
||
expression with a single unnamed parameter of a specified <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>argumentType</span></span>. This method corresponds to
|
||
calling the first <span class=SpellE>ParseLambda</span> overload with a <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>parameters</span> argument containing a single <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParameterExpression</span></span> with an
|
||
empty or null <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> property.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>When parsing a lambda expression with a single unnamed
|
||
parameter, the members of the unnamed parameter are automatically in scope in
|
||
the expression string, and the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a>
|
||
given by the unnamed parameter can be referenced in whole using the keyword <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>it</span>. The example</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span>
|
||
e = <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>), <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>),<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#A31515'>"City = @0 and <span
|
||
class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>, 10);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> and assigns an <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><Customer, <span
|
||
class=SpellE>bool</span>>></span> instance to <span class=CodeFragment>e</span>.
|
||
Note that <span class=CodeFragment>City</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Orders</span>
|
||
are members of <span class=CodeFragment>Customer</span> that are automatically
|
||
in scope. Also note the use of <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution
|
||
values</a> to supply the constant values <span class=CodeFragment>"London"</span>
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>10</span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#ParseLambda3">third</a> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span> overload is a <span class=SpellE>genericly</span>
|
||
typed version of the second overload. The example below produces the same <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Expression<<span class=SpellE>Func</span><Customer, <span
|
||
class=SpellE>bool</span>>></span> instance as the example above, but is
|
||
statically typed to that exact type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span><span class=GramE>>(</span><br>
|
||
<span style='color:#A31515'>"City
|
||
= @0 and <span class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= @1"</span>,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>,
|
||
10);</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_The_Parse_Method"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The
|
||
Parse Method<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span>
|
||
class defines the following method for parsing and creating expression tree
|
||
fragments.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>
|
||
Parse(<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>resultType</span>,
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> expression,<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Parse method parses the given <span class=CodeFragment>expression</span>
|
||
and returns an expression tree. If the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>resultType</span></span> parameter is non-null it specifies
|
||
the required result type of the expression. The <span class=CodeFragment>values</span>
|
||
parameter supplies zero or more <a href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution
|
||
values</a> that may be referenced in the expression.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Unlike the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParseLambda</span></span>
|
||
methods, the <span class=CodeFragment>Parse</span> method returns an “unbound”
|
||
expression tree fragment. The following example uses <span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Parse</span></span> to produce the same result as a <a
|
||
href="#LambdaExample1">previous example</a>:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>
|
||
x = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>
|
||
y = <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Parameter</span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>int</span></span>), <span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Dictionary</span><<span style='color:blue'>string</span>,
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>object</span>> symbols = <span style='color:blue'>new</span>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Dictionary</span><<span style='color:blue'>string</span>,
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>object</span>>();<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>symbols.Add</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"x"</span>,
|
||
x);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>symbols.Add</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"y"</span>,
|
||
y);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span> body = <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.Parse</span>(<span
|
||
style='color:blue'>null</span>, <span style='color:#A31515'>"(x + y) *
|
||
2"</span>, symbols);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>LambdaExpression</span></span> e
|
||
= <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span>.Lambda</span>(<br>
|
||
body, <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>ParameterExpression</span></span>[] {
|
||
x, y });</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note the use of a <span class=CodeFragment>Dictionary<string,
|
||
object></span> to provide a dictionary of named <a
|
||
href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution values</a> that can be referenced in
|
||
the expression.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Substitution_Values"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'>Substitution Values<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Several methods in the Dynamic Expression API permit <em><span
|
||
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>substitution values</span></em> to
|
||
be specified through a parameter array. Substitution values are referenced in
|
||
an expression using <a href="#_Identifiers">identifiers</a> of the form <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>@x</span>, where <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is an
|
||
index into the parameter array. The last element of the parameter array may be
|
||
an object that implements <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>IDictionary</span></span><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment><string, object></span>. If so, this dictionary is
|
||
used to map identifiers to substitution values during parsing.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>An identifier that references a substitution value is
|
||
processed as follows:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>If</span> the value is of type <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression</span></span>, the
|
||
identifier must occur as part of a <a href="#_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation">dynamic
|
||
lambda invocation</a>. This allows composition of dynamic lambda expressions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span>Otherwise, if the value is of type <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.Expression</span></span>, the given
|
||
expression is substituted for the identifier.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span>Otherwise, the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Expression.Constant</span></span><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment> </span>method is used to create a constant expression from
|
||
the value which is then substituted for the identifier.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Dynamic_Class_Creation"></a><a name="_Dynamic_Data_Classes"></a><span
|
||
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Data Classes<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A data class is a class that contains only data members. The
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicExpression</span></span>
|
||
class defines the following methods for dynamically creating data classes.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>CreateClass</span>(<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[]
|
||
properties);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>CreateClass</span>(<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>IEnumerable</span></span><<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>>
|
||
properties);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span>
|
||
method creates a new data class with a given set of public properties and
|
||
returns the <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Type</span></span>
|
||
object for the newly created class. If a data class with an identical sequence
|
||
of properties has already been created, the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Type</span></span> object for this class is returned.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Data classes implement private instance variables and
|
||
read/write property <span class=SpellE>accessors</span> for the specified
|
||
properties. Data classes also override the <span class=CodeFragment>Equals</span>
|
||
and <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>GetHashCode</span></span>
|
||
members to implement by-value equality.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Data classes are created in an in-memory assembly in the
|
||
current application domain. All data classes inherit from <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicClass</span></span> and are given
|
||
automatically generated names that should be considered private (the names will
|
||
be unique within the application domain but not across multiple invocations of
|
||
the application). Note that once created, a data class stays in memory for the
|
||
lifetime of the current application domain. There is currently no way to unload
|
||
a dynamically created data class.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The dynamic expression parser uses the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span> methods to generate classes from <a
|
||
href="#_Anonymous_Object_Initializer">data object initializers</a>. This
|
||
feature in turn is often used with the dynamic <span class=CodeFragment>Select</span>
|
||
method to create projections.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The example below uses <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>CreateClass</span></span> to create a data class with two
|
||
properties, <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Birthday</span>,
|
||
and then uses .NET reflection to create an instance of the class and assign
|
||
values to the properties.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[]
|
||
props = <span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>[] {<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Name"</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span
|
||
style='color:blue'>string</span>)),<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicProperty</span></span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Birthday"</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>typeof</span></span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DateTime</span></span>)) };<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Type</span> <span class=SpellE>type</span> = <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.CreateClass</span>(props);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>object</span> <span class=SpellE>obj</span> = <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Activator</span>.CreateInstance</span>(type);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>t.GetProperty</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Name"</span>).<span
|
||
class=SpellE>SetValue</span>(<span class=SpellE>obj</span>, <span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"Albert"</span>, <span style='color:blue'>null</span>);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>t.GetProperty</span>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"Birthday"</span>).<span
|
||
class=SpellE>SetValue</span>(<span class=SpellE>obj</span>, <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>new</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DateTime</span></span>(1879,
|
||
3, 14), <span style='color:blue'>null</span>);<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Console</span>.WriteLine</span>(<span
|
||
class=SpellE>obj</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_IQueryable_Extension_Methods"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'>IQueryable Extension Methods<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.DynamicQueryable</span></span>
|
||
class implements the following extension methods for dynamically querying
|
||
objects that implement the <span class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span>
|
||
interface.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
Where(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> predicate, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T>
|
||
Where<T>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T>
|
||
source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> predicate, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
Select(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> selector, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>OrderBy</span>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> ordering, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>OrderBy</span><T>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><T> source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> ordering, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
Take(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span> count);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
Skip(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span> count);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> <span
|
||
class=SpellE>GroupBy</span>(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span> source,<br>
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> <span class=SpellE>keySelector</span>,
|
||
<span style='color:blue'>string</span> <span class=SpellE>elementSelector</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>params</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>object</span>[] values);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>
|
||
Any(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE><span style='color:blue'>public</span></span> <span
|
||
style='color:blue'>static</span> <span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>int</span></span>
|
||
Count(<span style='color:blue'>this</span> <span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span>
|
||
source);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>These methods correspond to their <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Queryable</span></span> counterparts, except
|
||
that they operate on <span class=CodeFragment>IQueryable</span> instead of <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span> and use strings instead of lambda
|
||
expressions to express predicates, selectors, and orderings. <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>IQueryable</span> is the non-generic base interface for <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>IQueryable<T></span>, so the methods can be used even
|
||
when <span class=CodeFragment>T</span> isn’t known on beforehand, i.e. when the
|
||
source of a query is dynamically determined. (Note that because a dynamic
|
||
predicate or ordering does not affect the result type, generic overloads are
|
||
provided for <span class=CodeFragment>Where</span> and <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>OrderBy</span></span> in order to preserve strong typing
|
||
when possible.)</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=CodeFragment>predicate</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>selector</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>ordering</span>, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>keySelector</span></span>, and <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>elementSelector</span></span> parameters
|
||
are strings containing expressions written in the <a
|
||
href="#_Expression_Language">expression language</a>. In the expression
|
||
strings, the members of the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a>
|
||
are automatically in scope and the instance itself can be referenced using the
|
||
keyword <span class=CodeFragment>it</span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>OrderBy</span></span>
|
||
method permits a sequence of orderings to be specified, separated by commas.
|
||
Each ordering may optionally be followed by <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>asc</span></span> or <span class=CodeFragment>ascending</span>
|
||
to indicate ascending <span class=GramE>order,</span> or <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>desc</span></span> or <span class=CodeFragment>descending</span>
|
||
to indicate descending order. The default order is ascending. The example</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>products.OrderBy</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>Category.CategoryName</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE>UnitPrice</span> descending"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>orders</span> a sequence of products by
|
||
ascending category name and, within each category, descending unit price.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>The <span
|
||
class=SpellE>ParseException</span> Class<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The Dynamic Expression API reports parsing errors using the <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Dynamic.ParseException</span></span>
|
||
class. The <span class=CodeFragment>Position</span> property of the <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>ParseException</span></span> class gives
|
||
the character index in the expression string at which the parsing error
|
||
occurred.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h1><a name="_Expression_Language"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'>Expression Language<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language implemented by the Dynamic
|
||
Expression API provides a simple and convenient way of writing expressions that
|
||
can be parsed into LINQ expression trees. The language supports most of the
|
||
constructs of expression trees, but it is by no means a complete query or
|
||
programming language. In particular, the expression language does not support
|
||
statements or declarations.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language is designed to be familiar to C#,
|
||
VB, and SQL users. For this reason, some operators are present in multiple
|
||
forms, such as <span class=CodeFragment>&&</span> and <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>and</span></span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Identifiers"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Identifiers<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>An Identifier consists of a letter or underscore followed by
|
||
any number of letters, digits, or underscores. In order to reference an
|
||
identifier with the same spelling as a keyword, the identifier must be prefixed
|
||
with a single @ character. Some examples of identifiers:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE>x</span> Hello
|
||
m_1 @true @String</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Identifiers of the from @x, where x is an integral number
|
||
greater than or equal to zero, are used to denote the <a
|
||
href="#_Substitution_Values">substitution values</a>, if any, that were passed
|
||
to the expression parser. For example:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"Country = @0"</span>,
|
||
country);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Casing is not significant in identifiers or keywords.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Literals<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language supports integer, real, string, and
|
||
character literals.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>An <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>integer
|
||
literal</span></em> consists of a sequence of digits. The type of an integer
|
||
literal is the first of the types <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, or <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span> that can represent the given value. An integer
|
||
literal implicitly converts to any other <a href="#NumericTypes">numeric type</a>
|
||
provided the number is in the range of that type. Some examples of integer
|
||
literals:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code>0 123 10000</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>real
|
||
literal</span></em> consists of an integral part followed by a fractional part
|
||
and/or an exponent. The integral part is a sequence of one or more digits. The
|
||
fractional part is a decimal point followed by one or more digits. The exponent
|
||
is the letter <span class=CodeFragment>e</span> or <span class=CodeFragment>E</span>
|
||
followed by an optional <span class=CodeFragment>+</span> or <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>–</span> sign followed by one or more digits. The type of a
|
||
real literal is <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>Double</span></span>.
|
||
A real literal implicitly converts to any other <a href="#RealTypes">real type</a>
|
||
provided the number is in the range of that type. Some examples of real
|
||
literals:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code>1.0 2.25 10000.0
|
||
1e0 1e10 1.2345E-4</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>string
|
||
literal</span></em> consists of zero or more characters enclosed in double
|
||
quotes. Inside a string literal, a double quote is written as two consecutive
|
||
double quotes. The type of a string literal is <span class=CodeFragment>String</span>.
|
||
Some examples of string literals:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code>"<span class=GramE>hello</span>"
|
||
""
|
||
"""quoted""" "'"</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>character
|
||
literal</span></em> consists of a single character enclosed in single quotes.
|
||
Inside a character literal, a single quote is written as two consecutive single
|
||
quotes. The type of a character literal is <span class=CodeFragment>Char</span>.
|
||
Some examples of character literals:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code>'A' '1' '''' '"'</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Constants<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The predefined constants <span class=CodeFragment>true</span>
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>false</span> denote the two values of the type <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The predefined constant <span class=CodeFragment>null</span>
|
||
denotes a null reference. The <span class=CodeFragment>null</span> constant is
|
||
of type <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span>, but is also implicitly
|
||
convertible to any reference type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Predefined_types"></a><a name="_Types"></a><span
|
||
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Types<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language defines the following <em><span
|
||
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>primitive types</span></em>:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=CodeFragment>Object</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Char</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>String</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Byte</span><br>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Int16</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span><br>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Decimal Single</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The primitive types correspond to the similarly named types
|
||
in the System namespace of the .NET Framework Base Class Library. The
|
||
expression language also defines a set of <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>accessible
|
||
types</span></em> consisting of the primitive types and the following types
|
||
from the System namespace:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=CodeFragment>Math</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Convert</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The accessible types are the only types that can be
|
||
explicitly referenced in expressions, and method invocations in the expression
|
||
language are restricted to methods declared in the accessible types.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>nullable</span></em></span><em><span
|
||
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'> form</span></em> of a value type is
|
||
referenced by writing <span class=GramE>a <span class=CodeFragment>?</span></span>
|
||
<span class=GramE>after</span> the type name. <span class=GramE>For example, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32?</span></span> <span class=GramE>denotes</span> the <span
|
||
class=SpellE>nullable</span> form of <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><a name=IntegralTypes></a>The non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span>
|
||
and <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of the types <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Byte</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int16</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, and <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span> are
|
||
collectively called the <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>integral
|
||
types</span></em>. </p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><a name="_Conversions"></a><a name=RealTypes></a>The non-<span
|
||
class=SpellE>nullable</span> and <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of
|
||
the types <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span> are collectively called the <em><span
|
||
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>real types</span></em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><a name=NumericTypes></a>The integral types and real types
|
||
are collectively called the <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>numeric
|
||
types</span></em>.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Conversions_1"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Conversions<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The following conversions are implicitly performed by the
|
||
expression language:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> the <span class=SpellE>the</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>null</span> literal to any reference type or <span
|
||
class=SpellE>nullable</span> type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> an integer literal to an <a
|
||
href="#IntegralTypes">integral type</a> or <a href="#RealTypes">real type</a>
|
||
provided the number is within the range of that type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> a real literal to a <a href="#RealTypes">real
|
||
type</a> provided the number is within the range of that type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> a string literal to an <span class=SpellE>enum</span>
|
||
type provided the string literal contains the name of a member of that <span
|
||
class=SpellE>enum</span> type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> a source type that is assignment
|
||
compatible with the target type according to the <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Type.IsAssignableFrom</span></span> method in .NET.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> a non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span>
|
||
value type to the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> form of that value type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>From</span> a <a href="#NumericTypes">numeric type</a>
|
||
to another numeric type with greater range.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language permits explicit conversions using
|
||
the syntax <span class=GramE><i>type</i><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span
|
||
class=SpellE><i>expr</i></span><span class=CodeFragment>)</span>, where <i>type</i>
|
||
is a type name optionally followed by <span class=CodeFragment>?</span> <span
|
||
class=GramE>and</span> <span class=SpellE><i>expr</i></span> is an expression.
|
||
This syntax may be used to perform the following conversions:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>Between</span> two types provided <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Type.IsAssignableFrom</span></span> is true in one or both
|
||
directions.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>Between</span> two types provided one or both are
|
||
interface types.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span><span class=GramE>Between</span> the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span>
|
||
and non-<span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of any value type.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-.25in'><span style='font-family:
|
||
Symbol'>·</span><span style='font-size:7.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"'>
|
||
</span>Between any two types belonging to the set consisting of <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>SByte</span></span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Byte</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int16</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt16</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Char</span>, any <span class=SpellE>enum</span> type, as
|
||
well as the <span class=SpellE>nullable</span> forms of those types.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2 style='line-height:150%'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Operators<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The table below shows the operators supported by the
|
||
expression language in order of precedence from highest to lowest. Operators in
|
||
the same category have equal precedence. In the table, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>x</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>y</span>, and <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>z</span> denote expressions, <span class=CodeFragment>T</span>
|
||
denotes a <a href="#_Types">type</a>, and <span class=CodeFragment>m</span>
|
||
denotes a member.</p>
|
||
|
||
<table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0
|
||
style='margin-left:.25in;border-collapse:collapse;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;
|
||
mso-padding-alt:0in 0in 0in 0in'>
|
||
<thead>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'>
|
||
<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Category</b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Expression</b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-left:none;background:#D9D9D9;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><b>Description</b></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</thead>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'>
|
||
<td width=103 rowspan=10 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Primary</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>x.m</span></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Instance field or instance property
|
||
access. Any public field or property can be accessed.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>x.m</span></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Instance <a
|
||
href="#_Constructor_and_Method">method invocation</a>. The method must be
|
||
public and must be declared in an <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible
|
||
type</a>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>x[</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…]</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Array or indexer access.
|
||
Multi-dimensional arrays are not supported.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:4'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>T.m</span></span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Static field or static property
|
||
access. Any public field or property can be accessed.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:5'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>T.m</span></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Static <a
|
||
href="#_Anonymous_Object_Creation">method invocation</a>. The method must be
|
||
public and must be declared in an <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible
|
||
type</a>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:6'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>T(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Conversions">Explicit
|
||
conversion</a> or <a href="#_Anonymous_Object_Creation">constructor
|
||
invocation</a>. Note that <span class=CodeFragment>new</span> is not required
|
||
in front of a constructor invocation.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:7'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>new(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Data_Object_Initializer">Data
|
||
object <span class=SpellE>initializer</span></a>. This construct can be used
|
||
to perform dynamic projections.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:8'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>it</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a href="#_Current_Instance">Current
|
||
instance</a>. In contexts where members of a current object are implicitly in
|
||
scope, <span class=CodeFragment>it</span> is used to refer to the entire
|
||
object itself.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:9'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>x(</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>…)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><a
|
||
href="#_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation">Dynamic lambda invocation</a>. Used to
|
||
reference another dynamic lambda expression.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:10'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>iif</span></span><span class=CodeFragment>(x,</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>y,</span> <span class=CodeFragment>z)</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Conditional expression. Alternate
|
||
syntax for <span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>x</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>?</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>y</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>:</span> <span class=CodeFragment>z</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:11'>
|
||
<td width=103 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Unary</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>-x</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Negation. Supported types are <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:12'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>!x</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>not x</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical negation. Operand must be <span
|
||
class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:13'>
|
||
<td width=103 rowspan=3 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Multiplicative</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x * y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Multiplication. Supported types are
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>,
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>,
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:14'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x / y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Division. Supported types are <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:15'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x % y</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x mod y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Remainder. Supported types are <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Single</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:16'>
|
||
<td width=103 rowspan=3 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Additive</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x + y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Addition or string concatenation.
|
||
Performs string concatenation if either operand is of type <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>String</span>. Otherwise, performs addition for the
|
||
supported types <span class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span>, and <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:17'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x – y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Subtraction. Supported types are <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int32</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt32</span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Int64</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>UInt64</span>, <span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>Decimal</span></span>, <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Single</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Double</span>, <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span>, and <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>TimeSpan</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:18'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x & y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>String concatenation. Operands may
|
||
be of any type.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:19'>
|
||
<td width=103 rowspan=6 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Relational</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x = y</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x == y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Equal. Supported for reference
|
||
types and the <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a>. Assignment is
|
||
not supported.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:20'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x != y</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x <>
|
||
y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Not equal. Supported for reference
|
||
types and the <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:21'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x < y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Less than. Supported for all <a
|
||
href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:22'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x > y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Greater than. Supported for all <a
|
||
href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:23'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x <= y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Less than or equal. Supported for
|
||
all <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:24'>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x >= y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Greater than or equal. Supported
|
||
for all <a href="#_Predefined_types">primitive types</a> except <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>Object</span> and
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>Guid</span></span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:25'>
|
||
<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical AND</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x
|
||
&& y</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x and y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical AND. Operands must be <span
|
||
class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:26'>
|
||
<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical OR</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x || y</span></p>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=CodeFragment>x or y</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Logical OR. Operands must be <span
|
||
class=GramE>of</span> type <span class=CodeFragment>Boolean</span>.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr style='mso-yfti-irow:27;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'>
|
||
<td width=103 valign=top style='width:77.4pt;border:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Conditional</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=108 valign=top style='width:81.0pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'><span class=GramE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>x ?</span></span><span class=CodeFragment> y : z</span></p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
<td width=354 valign=top style='width:265.5pt;border-top:none;border-left:
|
||
none;border-bottom:solid black 1.0pt;border-right:solid black 1.0pt;
|
||
padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt'>
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:3.0pt;margin-right:0in;margin-bottom:
|
||
3.0pt;margin-left:0in;line-height:normal'>Evaluates <span class=CodeFragment>y</span>
|
||
if <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is true, evaluates <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>z</span> if <span class=CodeFragment>x</span> is false.</p>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Anonymous_Object_Creation"></a><a name="_Constructor_and_Method"></a><span
|
||
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Method and Constructor
|
||
Invocations<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language limits invocation of methods and
|
||
constructors to those declared public in the <a href="#_Predefined_types">accessible
|
||
types</a>. This restriction exists to protect against unintended side effects
|
||
from invocation of arbitrary methods.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language permits getting (but not setting)
|
||
the value of any reachable public field, property, or indexer.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Overload resolution for methods, constructors, and indexers
|
||
uses rules similar to C#. In informal terms, overload resolution will pick the
|
||
best matching method, constructor, or indexer, or report an ambiguity error if
|
||
no single best match can be identified.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>Note that constructor invocations are not prefixed by <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>new</span>. The following example creates a <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>DateTime</span></span> instance for a <span
|
||
class=SpellE>specfic</span> year, month, and day using a constructor
|
||
invocation:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate</span>
|
||
>= <span class=SpellE>DateTime</span>(2007, 1, 1)"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Anonymous_Object_Initializer"></a><a
|
||
name="_Data_Object_Initializer"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Data
|
||
Object Initializers<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A data object <span class=SpellE>initializer</span> creates
|
||
a <a href="#_Dynamic_Data_Classes">data class</a> and returns an instance of
|
||
that class. The properties of the data class are inferred from the data object <span
|
||
class=SpellE>initializer</span>. Specifically, a data object <span
|
||
class=SpellE>initializer</span> of the form</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=GramE>new(</span>e1 as p1, e2 as p2, e3 as p3)</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> a data class with three
|
||
properties, <span class=CodeFragment>p1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>p2</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>p3</span>, the types of which are inferred from
|
||
the expressions <span class=CodeFragment>e1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>e2</span>,
|
||
and <span class=CodeFragment>e3</span>, and returns an instance of that data
|
||
class with the properties initialized to the values computed by <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>e1</span>, <span class=CodeFragment>e2</span>, and <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>e3</span>. A property <span class=SpellE>initializer</span>
|
||
may omit the <span class=CodeFragment>as</span> keyword and the property name
|
||
provided the associated expression is a field or property access. The example</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Select</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"new(<span class=SpellE>CompanyName</span>
|
||
as Name, Phone)"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>creates</span> a data class with two
|
||
properties, <span class=CodeFragment>Name</span> and <span class=CodeFragment>Phone</span>,
|
||
and returns a sequence of instances of that data class initialized from the <span
|
||
class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>CompanyName</span></span> and <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>Phone</span> properties of each customer.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Current_Instance"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Current
|
||
Instance<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>When parsing a lambda expression with a single unnamed
|
||
parameter, the members of the unnamed parameter are automatically in scope in
|
||
the expression string, and the <a href="#_Current_Instance"><em><span
|
||
style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:windowtext;text-decoration:
|
||
none;text-underline:none'>current instance</span></em></a> given by the unnamed
|
||
parameter can be referenced in whole using the keyword <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>it</span>. For example,</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"Country = @0"</span>,
|
||
country);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>is</span> equivalent to</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>it.Country</span>
|
||
= @0"</span>, country);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The <a href="#_IQueryable_Extension_Methods">IQueryable
|
||
extension methods</a> all parse their expression arguments as lambda
|
||
expressions with a single unnamed parameter.</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><a name="_Dynamic_Expression_Invocation"></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'>Dynamic Lambda Invocation<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>An expression can reference other dynamic lambda expressions
|
||
through <em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>dynamic lambda
|
||
invocations</span></em>. A dynamic lambda invocation consists of a substitution
|
||
variable identifier that references an instance of <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>System.Linq.Expressions.LambdaExpression</span></span>,
|
||
followed by an argument list. The arguments supplied must be compatible with
|
||
the parameter list of the given dynamic lambda expression.</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The following parses two separate dynamic lambda expressions
|
||
and then combines them in a predicate expression through dynamic lambda
|
||
invocations:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e1 = <br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span><span class=GramE>>(</span><span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"City = \"London\""</span>);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e2 =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"<span
|
||
class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= 10"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>>
|
||
query =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(<span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"@0(it) and @1(it)"</span>, e1, e2);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>It is of course possible to combine static and dynamic
|
||
lambda expressions in this fashion:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span
|
||
class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e1 =<br>
|
||
c => <span class=SpellE>c.City</span> == <span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span><span class=GramE>;</span><br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Expression</span><<span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Func</span></span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>,
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>> e2 =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DynamicExpression</span>.ParseLambda</span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>, <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
style='color:blue'>bool</span></span>>(<span style='color:#A31515'>"<span
|
||
class=SpellE>Orders.Count</span> >= 10"</span>);<br>
|
||
<span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>>
|
||
query =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(<span
|
||
style='color:#A31515'>"@0(it) and @1(it)"</span>, e1, e2);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The examples above both have the same effect as:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span style='color:#2B91AF'>IQueryable</span><<span
|
||
style='color:#2B91AF'>Customer</span>> query =<br>
|
||
<span class=SpellE>db.Customers.Where</span>(c => <span
|
||
class=SpellE>c.City</span> == <span style='color:#A31515'>"London"</span>
|
||
&& <span class=SpellE>c.Orders.Count</span> >= 10)<span class=GramE>;<span
|
||
style='display:none;mso-hide:all'>n</span></span><span style='display:none;
|
||
mso-hide:all'> a predicate expression c lambda expressions and then combines
|
||
them through dynamic lambda invocations</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span class=GramE><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";
|
||
display:none;mso-hide:all'>combines</span></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman";display:none;mso-hide:all'> two <span class=SpellE>seperately</span>
|
||
parsed lambda expressions in a single <span class=SpellE>predicate:e</span>
|
||
dynamic lambda expression. <span class=SpellE>System.Linq.Expressions.Lam<span
|
||
style='mso-hide:none'>Sequence</span></span></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:
|
||
"Times New Roman"'> operators<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>A subset of the Standard Query Operators is supported for
|
||
objects that implement <span class=SpellE><span class=CodeFragment>IEnumerable</span></span><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment><T></span>. Specifically, the following constructs are
|
||
permitted, where <span class=SpellE><i>seq</i></span> is an <span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>IEnumerable</span></span><span class=CodeFragment><T></span>
|
||
instance, <i>predicate</i> is a <span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>boolean</span></span>
|
||
expression, and <i>selector</i> is an expression of any type:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Where</span>
|
||
<span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Any</span> <span
|
||
class=CodeFragment>(</span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Any</span>
|
||
<span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>All</span> <span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> )</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Count</span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><span class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Count</span>
|
||
<span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>predicate</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Min</span>
|
||
<span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Max</span> <span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal style='margin-left:.5in'><span class=SpellE><span
|
||
class=GramE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE> <span class=CodeFragment>.</span></span> <span class=CodeFragment>Sum</span>
|
||
<span class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span>
|
||
<span class=SpellE><em><span style='font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"'>seq</span></em></span>
|
||
<span class=CodeFragment>.</span> <span class=CodeFragment>Average</span> <span
|
||
class=GramE><span class=CodeFragment>(</span> <em><span style='font-family:
|
||
"Calibri","sans-serif"'>selector</span></em></span> <span class=CodeFragment>)</span></p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>In the <i>predicate</i> and <i>selector</i> expressions, the
|
||
members of the <a href="#_Current_Instance">current instance</a> for that
|
||
sequence operator are automatically in scope, and the instance itself can be
|
||
referenced using the keyword <span class=CodeFragment>it</span>. An example:</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>customers.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>Orders.Any</span>(Total
|
||
>= 1000)"</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<h2><span class=SpellE><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>Enum</span></span><span
|
||
style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> type support<o:p></o:p></span></h2>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal>The expression language supports an <a href="#_Conversions_1">implicit
|
||
conversion</a> from a string literal to an <span class=SpellE>enum</span> type
|
||
provided the string literal contains the name of a member of that <span
|
||
class=SpellE>enum</span> type. For example,</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate.DayOfWeek</span>
|
||
= \"Monday\""</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal><span class=GramE>is</span> equivalent to</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=Code><span class=SpellE><span class=GramE>orders.Where</span></span><span
|
||
class=GramE>(</span><span style='color:#A31515'>"<span class=SpellE>OrderDate.DayOfWeek</span>
|
||
= @0"</span>, <span class=SpellE><span style='color:#2B91AF'>DayOfWeek</span>.Monday</span>);</p>
|
||
|
||
<p class=MsoNormal> </p>
|
||
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
</body>
|
||
|
||
</html>
|